A Midsummer Nights Dream, Much Ado About Nothing, and Measure for Measure :: comparison compare contrast essays

 â â â â â â Shakespeare's comedies A Midsummers Night's Dream and Much Ado About Nothing have numerous equals while Measure for Measure is an issue play with a totally unique tone.â Comparing and differentiating these three plays gives bits of knowledge into the perspectives on Shakespeare concerning parody.  â â â â A Midsummer Night's Dream is a bubbly comedy.â The play happens in June and this is a beguiled time.â In the spring the custom is to praise the arrival of fruitfulness to the earth.â Duringâ this time the youngsters go through the night in the forested areas to celebrate.â Shakespeare utilizes the greenworld design in this play.â The play starts in the city, moves out to the nation and afterward back to the city.â Being in the nation improves things in light of the fact that there is serenity, opportunity and individuals can become savage versus when they are in the city and need to adhere to customs and laws and act reasonably.  â â â â Comedies contain blocking figures and in this play it is Egeus.â If he was not in the manner, Hermia could wed Lysander.â Since he is messing up his little girls life by attempting to cause her to wed Demetrius, this starts the excursion into the woods.â Egeus compromised Hermia with death if she somehow managed to wed Lysander so she figures the main way they can be together is to flee.  â â â â One unusual component is the reason Egeus was so determined to Hermia wedding Demetrius.â Lysander originated from as great a family as Demetrius.â Both were very much had with property and cash so Egeus' capacity is made to appear to be silly.  â â â â The play moves into the forested areas which is spooky by pixies who are there to favor the wedding of Theseus and Hippolyta.â The quarreling among Oberon and Titania over the changeling kid prompts the ruler needing to humiliate Titania with the affection juice by making her experience passionate feelings for a monster.â The principal individual she sees is Bottom and she falls savagely infatuated with him.  â â â â Oberon is making a display of Titania and Bottom.â â It is strange that she is enamored with him since he is from such a lower class than her, he is human and she is a pixie, and he has the leader of an ass.â She is additionally a sovereign and he is an uneducated working man and a match like this could never happen.â Bottom has such an issue with language.

Sonnet 73 Essays - Sonnet 73, Sonnet 1, Sonnet 7, Sonnet

Poem 73 Numerous poems composed by William Shakespeare manage catastrophe, love and passing, in work seventy-three he centers around death alongside the indications of maturing. Regardless of whether he is the subject of the piece or a spectator, he communicates everything as though he were the point. Shakespeare was at an age in his life where he could identify with the piece, which made the sonnet quite a lot more viable. The subject of this piece is being taken a gander at, and the eyewitness goes to the end that they see pre-winter, nightfall and a perishing fire; that is, the spectator understands that the individual is getting old and they will before long lose him. Shakespeare's method of mirroring the beginning of maturing and demise is communicated through numerous suggestions like subject, symbolism, and pleasantry. One of the numerous huge focuses that mirror the beginning of maturing and passing is through the subject. This work happens in pre-winter, in light of the fact that in the absolute starting point a tree is being contrasted with the individual. The yellow leaves falling in harvest time bolsters paper turning yellow as time passes by, which in a roundabout way proposes that individuals get old and will ward as years sneak past. Uncovered demolished ensembles, where when the sweet late fowl sang tells the peruser that in the late spring the winged creatures would be on the branches singing like a congregation ensemble in a fighter like position; while, in fall the flying creatures don't sing on the grounds that they are gone from the uncovered branches. Shakespeare considers dozing to be sundown as Death's second self, in light of the fact that as night approaches individuals are oblivious like being dead. Shakespeare additionally recommends that the individual is approaching a mind-blowing finish when such fire is sparkling. The shining of the fire is supported by wood, and as the wood gets littler the fire colors out. Alongside subject as a critical point, symbolism is the thing that illustrates the beginning of maturing and demise. Shakespeare not just let the perusers read about his poem, he lets the perusers depict an representation with his engaging words. The setting is quickly introduced in the start of the work. The tree that is delineated in the pre-winter setting is contrasted with the subject of this work. The tree is almost uncovered with the breeze blowing at the keep going leaves sticking on to the branches; just a couple of robust ones at long last remained. In spite of the fact that the depiction of the winged animals singing on the branches is that of the late spring, conversely, the branches are uncovered in the harvest time; the image delineates the subject in his energetic years. Shakespeare's understanding from the statement ...seals up all in rest gives two or three various pictures. That citation can depict a final resting place that is fixing up the top, or when dusk's kin rest; along these lines, rest in a roundabout way suggests passing. The individual and his own childhood are lying on a bed of cinders that was taken care of by the consuming of wood, which is contrasted with a deathbed. Shakespeare's symbolism on death is communicated effectively through the tree, deathbed and the final resting place. Shakespeare works utilize an assortment of words to control the real which means of sentences. His innovative words recount to a story without anyone else with the utilization of illustrations, from the words depicting the subjects' childhood to the cinders of his deathbed. Shakespeare expounds on yellow leaves sticking on to the trees what's more, winged creatures that utilization to sing on the branches in the mid year. These pictures can be deciphered as the individual whom Shakespeare is alluding to was youthful previously be that as it may, at the current second, he is old and practically prepared to kick the bucket. The debris that his youth lies upon is controlled to speak to his deathbed where upon he will lie at the point when it is the ideal opportunity for him to bite the dust. Shakespeare thinks about the affection between the two individuals as a log consuming, as the fire is consuming the log; the log decreases considerably bringing about the fire to color out. All in all, Shakespeare's work seventy-three has achieved the undertaking of telling the perusers that this is about death and maturing. The topic was all around spoke to make the poems importance of maturing and demise the subject of this piece. Symbolism was communicated to speak to the piece effectively. The pictures Shakespeare made make the piece all the more intriguing and simpler to fathom and relate. The wit was inventively sited to speak to something like its importance. This work can be made into one of tShakespeare's acclaimed plays however

You Are the Judge Rio Salado free essay sample

At the point when individuals lose their employment, it unleashes devastation on their lives. On the off chance that an individual is terminated without reason or unreasonably, they are probably going to look for remuneration. On the off chance that an individual hasnt marked an agreement or is terminated, with special case to a couple of focuses in the work voluntarily teaching, there isn't a lot of they can do about it. The law is on the organizations by and large of freely work. On account of Elaine, she was terminated without notice or explanation behind end. Elaine had been guaranteed profession openings and given a compensation, however no agreement was agreed upon. Elaines manager employed a renewed individual for Elaines position who had less instruction and experience. Elaine accepts she was terminated unreasonably and is suing to recover her activity. I trust Elaine may have a solid case as a result of the individual who was employed for her position. We will compose a custom exposition test on You Are the Judge Rio Salado or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Elaine was terminated without valid justification or notice. The business at that point supplanted Elaine with a male worker with less professional training and less instruction. Elaine has a decent possibility of recovering her activity by suing her manager for sex descrimination. Her replacement was mediocre compared to Elaine in a couple of key territories and that may demonstrate the business terminated her because of descrimination. There are a few exemptions where workers can't be terminated regardless of whether they are voluntarily representatives. One special case is a legal exemption. A legal exemption says a business cannot terminate a representative that is an individual from a trade guild if their terminating is infringing upon work laws or aggregate haggling understandings. Another special case is an inferred in-reality contract. An inferred in-actuality says that if the organization states in a handbook, on a notice board or different implies that a representative can't be terminated in the event that they play out their activity appropriately. An open strategy exemption expresses that a representative can't be terminated on the off chance that it abuses open arrangement. A worker can't be terminated for serving in jury obligation, or declining to overstep a law. Another exemption is a tort special case. A tort special case says a representative can sue a business for misrepresentation, purposeful curse of passionate pressure or maligning of character. Elaine was working for a freely boss and was terminated without reason. The business didnt malign her character, overstep any agreements or any laws forbidding them from releasing her. Elaine doesnt trust her release was reasonable and is battling to recover her activity. I accept she has a decent possibility of recovering her activity since she may have been a survivor of sex segregation.

The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) Essay

The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) - Essay Example ost all scenes of advancing creature government assistance: instructing individuals about the best possible consideration of pets, capturing the individuals who have been found to have been merciless to creatures like the individuals who work canine and chicken battling rings, sequestering and giving sanctuaries to those creatures that have been dealt with brutally, and helping felines, mutts, ponies and other resigned animals effectively discover homes that would think about them the correct way. As of late, ASPCA has even made a program considered Meet Your MatchïÆ' that is the first and the main research-based reception program that expects to coordinate pets with the correct proprietors and tight clamp versa. This is for sure a shrewd advance towards ensuring that creatures at their different sanctuaries everywhere throughout the United States will locate the correct homes. ASPCA has additionally infiltrated TV by communicating, through and in participation with Animal Planet, the show â€Å"Animal Precinct,† which shows how people’s heartless treatment of creatures is a reality. It is occurring all over the place and in the event that one doesn't know about it, at that point one may simply disregard a neighbor who is being vicious to their pet/s. With this show, individuals realize that they can document an objection, who to gripe to, and that, at last, something should be possible. Beside making mindfulness, the show likewise exhibits how HLE specialists w ork, their devotion and promise to their activity, and their true love for creatures. In 2001, ASPCA likewise propelled an intuitive site explicitly intended to be explored by kids 7 years of age or more. Including the kids and making them mindful of the do’s and don’t’s of thinking about their pets, regardless of whether at home or in the homeroom, hrough the site and furthermore through different projects like Henry’s Book Club and ASPCA’s Books for Children are brilliant and inventive methods of guaranteeing that everybody thinks about creature pitilessness. It is normally youngsters who are aware of how creatures are being treated as most are intrinsically inquisitive and touchy to what the individuals around them are

Equity Markets or Stock Valuation-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: You are required to discover an article as for both of the accompanying issues beneath and dissect the significance of the news thing to the issues demonstrated underneath. The chose article ought to be current, for example from May 2017 onwards. a .Bond issue or rating organizations b. Budget reports c. Value markets or stock valuation d. Capital planning of a business element Answer: Presentation The conversation manages the Equity market and stock valuation. The value advertise alludes to the market where offers are given and exchanged. The exchanges are made either through trades or through other decentralized modes. The value market or financial exchange permits the speculators to get the responsibility for with a possibility to acknowledge future additions and the organizations access to capital (Chen and Tindall 2016). It is stage where the purchasers and merchants interface to exchange the protections that are recorded in the trade or secretly executed. The organizations so as to amass capital auction their offers or stocks in the market; every one of the stock speaks to responsibility for organization (Kopczuk 2015). Accordingly if the organization gains a benefit the speculators can likewise get a piece of it. For this situation, a gigantic hazard associated with the financial specialists if the organization endures a misfortune. The more the interest for loads of a s pecific organization higher is the cost of its offers. Article audit The stock prizes for organizations can impact an economy. Ascend in the stock prizes shows a sound developing economy, correspondingly on the off chance that pattern of the stocks are descending, at that point it demonstrates a feeble economy or downturn (Eaton et al. 2016). The current conversation manages different money related issues regarding rise and fall stock prize. The article picked titled US stocks endure most exceedingly awful fall in 6 years, distributed by money related occasions columnists on 6th of February 2018.The article features on the most noticeably awful fall in the US securities exchange in contrast with the exhibition over the most recent six years. On 6th of February, the financial exchange saw a quick selling of protections demonstrating decrease in the estimations of the equivalent, this deleted the benefits of the market of the entire year. The abrupt gracefully of the offers from the speculators side raised a doubt. The financial exchange file Dow-Jones Industrial Average shortly shed in excess of 800 focuses. This fall can be set apart as second most noteworthy in the entire decade. The Leuthold speculation the executives specialist Jim Paulsen remarked that this fast auction might be because of programmed quantitative exchange or a particular organization or individual can be accused. Before the day's over, the SP-500 record was at 2648.94 that is 4.1% fall. This was the most noticeably awful fall since august 2011.The Doq list tumbled to 175 focuses and Nasaq record tumbled to 6967.The seat mark files of the nations fell enormously, the Japan benchmark Topix fell 6.3%, South Koreas list kopsi composite fell 2.6% ,the Australian market ASX 200 additionally saw a tumble down of 3.7%. The article likewise makes reference to that the Vix unpredictability Index known as the Wall Street dread measure on that day arrived at its pinnacle hit that is 37.32. Last until it had arrived at its most elevated when the Chinese cash devaluated in august 2015 (Chan 2015). This additionally surpassed the levels came to during the Greek obligation emergency of 2015(Wickens 2017). The financial specialists, who had expected that the market would keep quiet and had a wagered on it, endured a gigantic misfortune. The trade exchanged reserve named the genius shares endured an immense loss of 32%, the Velocity Shares Short Vix additionally lost by 14.3%. Michael Arone, the main speculation planner at state road worldwide guide, expressed that the decrease of the offer qualities is an aftereffect of fast ascent in financing costs and swelling expectation (Gal 2015). He was astonished to see this abrupt persistent offer of protections. On bringing up the issue whether this fall in the value showcase influence on a long would term premise, to Donald Trumps delegate press secretary Raj Shah, he commented that, these changes don't have a transient impact. The basic of the economy being solid, the circumstance can be made stable soon. The co boss venture official of Bridgewater partners has likewise included that it was a wonder of exemplary late cycle conduct. There has been an expansion in the weight in the security advertise as the banks have been loosening up the money related strategy. After the episode, it tends to be foreseen the Federal Reserve could again reinforce fiscal approach all the more forcefully. The US shortfall is likewise expected to ascend, because of increment in tax breaks and ascend in government borrowings the securities exchange has hit. The worldwide offer market has been frightfully moved, there includes been a frenzy inside the investors who has been selling of their protections, bringing the fear up in the market. David Kelly, boss worldwide planner at JPMorgan resource the board educated that the purpose behind this isn't because of the ascent in the loan fees (Maioand and Santa-Clara 2017). He called attention to a clarification to this; he said this could be because of past due of the remedy of the offer and the security markets. He additionally anticipates that the next week should be lopsided for the financial exchange, however there is as yet a major uncertainty in the outcome. The Big Euro Zone markets are affirmed to run in negative for the year. Pertinence with the picked point Numerous components that can impact the securities exchange factors like overpricing of stocks ascend in the loan fees deceitful exercises and Federal Reserve strategies (Bernanke 2017). In the above conversation, a circumstance of an offer market crash has been featured. Fast deal in the market, the merchants are ordinarily terrified for a sudden monetary occasion or emergency. This accident may influence the economy and individual clients (Sornette 2017). The securities exchange is anything but a genuine economy; the offer market may experience changes in the offer costs because of numerous reasons, for example, rectification of overvaluation and change in the premiums rates. The picked article centers around the issue of unexpected fall in the estimation of the portions of the US financial exchange. The economy may experience the ill effects of downturn if the market persistently experiences such fall (Farmer 2015). End The US financial exchange has confronted a horrendous fall in these security costs as of late on sixth of February 2018. There was an unexpected fall in the market making the economy feeble. There are numerous components like bank rates, swellings, flattening, monetary and political guidelines that can influence the security costs. A legitimate field-tested strategy and wary speculation choice may assist with staying away from the result. Reference and Bibliography Bernanke, B.S., 2017. Central bank strategy in a universal context.IMF Economic Review,65(1), pp.5-36. Chan, A., 2015. Chinas cash degrading expands vulnerability, Economics: Asian Perspectives. Chen, J. what's more, Tindall, M.L., 2016. Developing Equity MarketNeutral VIX Portfolios with Dynamic CAPM.The Journal of Alternative Investments,19(2), pp.70-87. Eaton, J., Kortum, S., Neiman, B. what's more, Romalis, J., 2016. Exchange and the worldwide recession.American Economic Review,106(11), pp.3401-38. Rancher, R.E., 2015. The financial exchange crash truly caused the incomparable recession.Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics,77(5), pp.617-633. Lady, J., 2015.Monetary strategy, expansion, and the business cycle: a prologue to the new Keynesian structure and its applications. Princeton University Press. Kopczuk, W., 2015. What do we think about the development of top riches partakes in the United States.Journal of Economic Perspectives,29(1), pp.47-66. Maio, P. what's more, Santa-Clara, P., 2017. Momentary loan fees and securities exchange anomalies.Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,52(3), pp.927-961. Sornette, D., 2017.Why securities exchanges crash: basic occasions in complex budgetary frameworks. Princeton University Press. Wickens, M., 2017. A Macroeconomic Perspective on the Greek Debt Crisis. InPolitical Economy Perspectives on the Greek Crisis(pp. 157-175). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.

How to Write a Resume

How to Write a Resume EP 60: How to Write a Resume EP 60: How to Write a Resume How to write a resume and stand out to employers. Whether you’re entering the workforce or looking for a summer job, the first step is writing a resume! Learn how to write an effective resume with these nine tips. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] Hi guys. So it is summer job time and a summer internship time. And maybe youre wondering how youre going to land that summer gig. Well last week on episode 59 we shared with you how to write a cover letter. So naturally this week we wanted to share with you how to write a resume. Cath Anne: [00:00:19] Hi everyone. Welcome back to our channel. This is the homework help show hosted by homework help global. And my name is Cath Anne. This is episode 60 of the show. Here on the show we provide you with valuable content for your academic and student life. Cath Anne: [00:00:44] Lets talk about how to write a resume. Tip number one. Think about the purpose of the resume. Essentially a resume is intended to catch the eye of the hiring manager. You also want to land a job interview. Make sure you tailor your resume around those two concepts. Catching the eye of the hiring manager and securing a job interview. Cath Anne: [00:01:10] Tip number two gather background information even if you have an old resume lying around. It can help to go through your most recent accomplishments experiences education before you begin writing your resume may go through all your recent accomplishments and include them in your resume. Cath Anne: [00:01:31] Tip number three decide the focus of your resume and decide which type of job you are seeking and how to focus your resume. Include relevant details on your resume that speak to the specific job you are currently seeking. Cath Anne: [00:01:47] Tip number four. Do some research on the job and the field that youre looking at. Research the field that youre interested in as well as some relevant keywords to include in your resume. By including these keywords in your resume youll catch the employers attention and they will be more likely to bring you in for a job interview. It will help you to look knowledgeable and prepared for the field that youre seeking. Cath Anne: [00:02:15] Tip number five include relevant contact information. In most cases due to current privacy issues your name phone number and email are appropriate to include on your resume. You may also want to include the state or province where you live. So the hiring manager knows where you are located. Also make sure to provide a professional email creating one using Gmail can be helpful. Cath Anne: [00:02:45] Tip Number six. Create a professional profile at the beginning of your resumé. Summarize your top accomplishments that apply to the job that youre looking for. Use three to four bullet points to denote these accomplishments and also include some of the keywords that you have found in your earlier research. Remember the components that you include in this section should be backed up in the body of your resume. With specific details linking to experiences and accomplishments that you have had. Cath Anne: [00:03:19] Tip number seven. Develop your professional experiences section working from your most current job backwards. Describe the job that youve had. Now make sure youre not just including duties or responsibilities. Youll want to include two to three bullet points under each job experience that denote a quantified accomplishment or experience that youve had in your job placement. Here try to think about including a description of how you made the job your own. Shy away from including duties or responsibilities do not include older or non relevant job experiences on your resume. The hiring manager wont be interested. Cath Anne: [00:04:04] Tip number 8 format your educational experience section just like the job section. Start with your most current experience first and work backwards. Include all relevant accomplishments degrees diplomas in this section. Cath Anne: [00:04:22] Finally you may want to include a skills section. Now this is a great opportunity to use some of those key words that you found in your prior research. Discuss awards accomplishments or other types of skills you have developed through your education or your job experience. Cath Anne: [00:04:43] Okay guys so that is it for me this week. I really hope that this video was helpful in helping you to learn how to write a resume. If you do have any questions about how to write a resumé or any other questions please jump into the comment section below. We always love to hear from you guys and make sure to follow us on all of our social media platforms all of the information is linked and listed in the description box below. If you enjoyed this video please dont forget to give it a thumbs up and subscribe to our channel. Thanks so much for joining me this week guys and talk soon and take care. Good luck on all those job applications. How to Write a Resume EP 60: How to Write a Resume EP 60: How to Write a Resume How to write a resume and stand out to employers. Whether you’re entering the workforce or looking for a summer job, the first step is writing a resume! Learn how to write an effective resume with these nine tips. Looking for study tips, help with essay writing, or advice on how to be a better student? Welcome to The Homework Help Show, a weekly show where we teach, assist, and offer valuable insights for student life. From study hacks to writing tips, discussions about student mental health to step-by-step guides on academic writing and how to write a resume, weve got you covered. Want your questions answered? Write them below or join the conversation on social media using the hashtag #askHHG TRANSCRIPT: Cath Anne: [00:00:00] Hi guys. So it is summer job time and a summer internship time. And maybe youre wondering how youre going to land that summer gig. Well last week on episode 59 we shared with you how to write a cover letter. So naturally this week we wanted to share with you how to write a resume. Cath Anne: [00:00:19] Hi everyone. Welcome back to our channel. This is the homework help show hosted by homework help global. And my name is Cath Anne. This is episode 60 of the show. Here on the show we provide you with valuable content for your academic and student life. Cath Anne: [00:00:44] Lets talk about how to write a resume. Tip number one. Think about the purpose of the resume. Essentially a resume is intended to catch the eye of the hiring manager. You also want to land a job interview. Make sure you tailor your resume around those two concepts. Catching the eye of the hiring manager and securing a job interview. Cath Anne: [00:01:10] Tip number two gather background information even if you have an old resume lying around. It can help to go through your most recent accomplishments experiences education before you begin writing your resume may go through all your recent accomplishments and include them in your resume. Cath Anne: [00:01:31] Tip number three decide the focus of your resume and decide which type of job you are seeking and how to focus your resume. Include relevant details on your resume that speak to the specific job you are currently seeking. Cath Anne: [00:01:47] Tip number four. Do some research on the job and the field that youre looking at. Research the field that youre interested in as well as some relevant keywords to include in your resume. By including these keywords in your resume youll catch the employers attention and they will be more likely to bring you in for a job interview. It will help you to look knowledgeable and prepared for the field that youre seeking. Cath Anne: [00:02:15] Tip number five include relevant contact information. In most cases due to current privacy issues your name phone number and email are appropriate to include on your resume. You may also want to include the state or province where you live. So the hiring manager knows where you are located. Also make sure to provide a professional email creating one using Gmail can be helpful. Cath Anne: [00:02:45] Tip Number six. Create a professional profile at the beginning of your resumé. Summarize your top accomplishments that apply to the job that youre looking for. Use three to four bullet points to denote these accomplishments and also include some of the keywords that you have found in your earlier research. Remember the components that you include in this section should be backed up in the body of your resume. With specific details linking to experiences and accomplishments that you have had. Cath Anne: [00:03:19] Tip number seven. Develop your professional experiences section working from your most current job backwards. Describe the job that youve had. Now make sure youre not just including duties or responsibilities. Youll want to include two to three bullet points under each job experience that denote a quantified accomplishment or experience that youve had in your job placement. Here try to think about including a description of how you made the job your own. Shy away from including duties or responsibilities do not include older or non relevant job experiences on your resume. The hiring manager wont be interested. Cath Anne: [00:04:04] Tip number 8 format your educational experience section just like the job section. Start with your most current experience first and work backwards. Include all relevant accomplishments degrees diplomas in this section. Cath Anne: [00:04:22] Finally you may want to include a skills section. Now this is a great opportunity to use some of those key words that you found in your prior research. Discuss awards accomplishments or other types of skills you have developed through your education or your job experience. Cath Anne: [00:04:43] Okay guys so that is it for me this week. I really hope that this video was helpful in helping you to learn how to write a resume. If you do have any questions about how to write a resumé or any other questions please jump into the comment section below. We always love to hear from you guys and make sure to follow us on all of our social media platforms all of the information is linked and listed in the description box below. If you enjoyed this video please dont forget to give it a thumbs up and subscribe to our channel. Thanks so much for joining me this week guys and talk soon and take care. Good luck on all those job applications.

Financial Principals And Techniques In Real Business Environments Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

As a student for my study subject Managing Financial Principles and Techniques I am going to try to share my knowledge through this assignment what I have learn from the my Unit and what I have achieved. Through this assignment I want to show the understanding on the Financial Principles and Techniques which are used in real business environment. Forecasting is base on the assumptions that the condition on the which forecast has been done remain same at the time of implementation of the period or time for which forecast has been done. In the business forecasting of cost and revenue are mostly done for future picture of the organization can be view on basis of that. Fixed costs are those that do no change in the budget year with changes in the volume of output or sales. Fixed cost remains constant during a specified period of time and over a specified range of output. This means that when the level of output is decreased the fixed cost per unit of output increases, and conversely when the level of output increases the fixed cost per unit decreases. This is the problem with allocating fixed costs to unit product costs. The fixed cost per unit will depend upon the number of units produced. Some examples of fixed costs are business rates, insurance premiums, management salaries, rent, taxes and depreciations etc. Variable Cost: Variable costs change in relation to change in the level of output or sales. This type of cost will vary with any change in production. If the factory stops production it will not use materials or power for the plant. The direct labor costs will also fall away, although perhaps not in direct relationship with a change in production. Some examples of variable costs are direct material, direct labor and plant power usage. Total Cost: This is the total of all costs, fixed and variable, at a certain level of output. For example, if a factory has fixed overhead costs of 200,000 p.a. and the cost of direct materials and labour is 9 per unit of production then the total cost when the level of production is 35,000 units will be: Fixed costs 200,000 Variable costs (9 X 35,000) 315,000 Total cost 515,000 Unit cost (515,000/35,000) 14.71 If production is increased to 40,000 units then: Fixed costs 200,000 Variable costs (9 X 40,000) 360,000 Total cost 560,000 Unit cost (560,000/40,000) 14.00 Contribution: Contribution is the value of sales less variable cost of the sales. For example, if a company sells 20,000 units for 15 each when the variable cost of sales per unit is 7 and fixed costs are 90,000 p.a. the result would be: Sales (20,000 X 15) 300,000 Variable costs (20,000 X 7) 140,000 Contribution 160,000 Fixed costs 90,000 Net profit 70,000 The contribution towards overheads and profits is equal to 20,000 X unit contribution. That is 20,000 X (15 7) = 160,000. Since the fixed overheads are only 90,000 the net profit is 70,000. Break-even point: In the example above we have a unit contribution of 8. Therefore, to break even and cover the 90,000 fixed costs we would need to sell 11,250 units. This is simply the fixed costs divided by the unit contribution (90,000/8 = 11,250). By selling 11,250 units with a unit contribution of 8 we will make a total contribution of 90,000 towards fixed overheads. Then, since fixed overheads are also 90,000, we will make neither a profit nor a loss but will break even. Sales (11,250 X 15) 168,750 Variable costs (11,250 X 7) 78,750 Contribution 90,000 Fixed costs 90,000 Profit/(loss) 0 The break-even point occurs when 11,250 units are sold. If more units than this are sold then company will make a profit of 8 per units. For example, in another 10,000 units were sold (21,250 in total) the profit would be 80,000 (10,000 X 8). Proof below: Sales (21,250 X 15) 318,750 Variable costs (21,250 X 7) 148,750 Contribution 170,000 Fixed costs 90,000 Profit 80,000 Marginal Cost: Selling prices are determined by the interaction of the market forces of supply and demand. When setting selling prices the sale director will be mindful of competitive prices and the choices that customers have in terms of alternative suppliers and products. However, knowing the unit contribution that a certain selling price brings can help an organization make better pricing and business decisions. It is close to the end of year for a company that has so far made sales of 500,000 against variable cost of 300,000. Fixed costs for the year are 900,000, so it will make a profit of 110,000. It has just received an order for 10,000 units of a product that has a variable cost of 6 and a full/total cost of 10. The best price the salesman can get is 9. Should it accept the order? In this case the answer is yes, it should accept the order. This is because it will obtain a contribution of 30,000, being 10,000(9 6). It will be 30,000 better off even though it is selling each unit at less than its total cost. The conclusion that the order should be accepted is based on the assumption that the company has no other orders to accept before the year end. Even though the unit selling price of 9 produce a contribution towards overheads of 3 per unit. Accordingly, the company is better off accepting the order than declining it. At this point any selling price above the variable cost of 6 will improve the bottom line. Advantages: Show the relative contributions of products. Shows clearly the exact relationship between cost, selling price and volumes. Helpful in pricing and outsourcing decisions. Shows how to overall profit can be maximized. Separates variable and fixed costs so that better business decisions can be made. Does not arbitrarily allocated fixed or indirect overheads to products in an unrealistic way. Disadvantages: Does not show the full (fully absorbed) cost of a product. Does not enable the profit (after all costs) of a product to be determined. Discounted payback: This method still asks when does payback happen? but it takes an additional factor into account the so-called time value of money. It considered a further option: that instead of using the money to finance a capital expenditure project, the business could simply put it in the bank, or into a safe, predictable investment to produce a return which, for the sake of argument, we will assume to be in the form of interest. In other words, given that the business could be earning, say, 8 per cent interest any way, it asks What are the future inflows really worth as an alternative use of the money? After all, if the business can earn 8 per cent with little or no risk, the proposed project must offer a return of at least 8 per cent! Otherwise why bother with it? In the discount payback method, the future cash flows are discounted at a pre-determined interest rate (basically at the rate that could be earned elsewhere, with minimal risk), the effect of which is to strip out the presumed interest, leaving the principal element of the net cash inflow. Matrix Plc Interest rate is 12% Discout rate = (investment / [1.0 + Rate of Interest/100] x 100 = (1,10,000 / [1+0.12] x 100 Year Cash inflow Cash Outflow Net cash flow Cost of capital Present value 0 110,000 (-110,000) (-110,000) 1 40,000 40,000 x 0.893 = 35,720 2 35,000 35,000 x 0.797 = 27,895 3 30,000 30,000 x 0.712 = 21,360 4 25,000 25,000 x 0.636 = 15,000 5 20,000 20,000 x 0.567 = 11,340 112,215 NPV = 2215 ( 110,000 112,215) = 2,215 As per the above example 5 years measured but as per the criteria of the assignment three years to be calculate as per that 84,975. Task 2: Sources of Finance: For all the businesses, maintaining enough finance is very crucial for their existing and potential operations. The organizations have to deals with day to day expenses along with to find the potentials of the new ventures. There have many options for getting finance. There are two types of finance (1) Internal (2) External and they are: Overdraft: Organization has an option of using overdraft facility which is an external source of finance and cannot be used for a longer span. Whenever the company is in need of, it can interact with their bank and avail the overdraft facility given by their bank. Interest on overdraft is mainly on daily basis. The main advantage of this source is bank will charge the interest on the amount that company withdraws as per its requirement. If it borrows less money, the interest too will be less. But disadvantage of this source is the company can use it only for a short term period. Company can use overdraft financing if their requirement is for short term. Debentures: Debentures are the company can consider for long term and the company can pay back this loan by several years. The main advantage of this option is they are more secure and there would not be any changes in interest and hidden charges as well. In most of the cases, debentures are given by tying to the financing of any asset. When the company choose this option, gets loan on assets like land or building, it is known as mortgage debenture. Debentures are usually manageable by the debenture holder. The preferable aspect of debentures is that debenture holders can not be having any voting rights and the interest paid to them is considered as the expenses in the companys financial statements. If company has assets like buildings, land, machines they can go for this option. Line of Credit from creditors: This is one of the easiest and bit chipper sources of finance. The organization can buy goods or raw materials on credit and pay it later. Line of credit means the supplier the one who supplies raw materials to the company. If the company uses the cash from line of creditors, it can use that cash to pay for other expense. I suggest this is one of the most considerable options as the company will not have to pay an interest up to certain time limit. Grants: Grants also can be considered as an option if the company has specific problems or they are dealing with some specified areas which are entitled some grants from the government, and then they can apply for grants in the local council or other government bodies. Local councils will help the company to sort out certain issues by financial aids. This is the most preferable option as the company will have to pay nothing in return. Venture Capital: Venture Capital is a kind of private equity available to the company to create return through trade sale of that respective company. There are chances of failure and the success both or it could provide average returns as well. In this way it is highly risky option. It gets increased in exchange of shares. Leasing: Company can choose the option of taking a lease which is of two types operating lease and finance lease. Lease is a contract between two parties and the person or company who takes lease has to pay an agreed amount to the leasing company. Company can use external source of finance to extend their business. Personal Savings: It is an internal source of finance if it is available to the company. Most of the companies spare money as provision for their new potential ventures to increase their business areas or to start a new venture. If the company is planning to start a new business, using their current savings, that money can be counted as personal savings. Bank Loan: Company has an option of taking a commercial loan from a bank by using stock or property as a security. It can get an unsecured loan for small amount. Taking a loan from a bank is bit expensive in terms of interest and the processing charges and an organization must consider all the other options before choosing this option. Selling useless assets: The organization can sell useless fixed assets or scrap e to fulfill its requirement for finance. This is one of the best options for acquiring finance as the company will get the finance without raising extra financial burden and can get rid of the useless assets. From the point of view of the share holder of the company debentures are fixed rated borrowing from the general public. When company takes overdraft means that company have short of working capital and its give negative effect on their creditors that company is running out of money. Line of credit company gets if there is a good relationship with suppliers means that company can use cash received money to their daily expenses rather than pay to their creditor. When company get a grant for any social welfare programme which relate to general public it shine companys image. Venture capital changes the company position and their profitability and it also affect the shareholder if company fail in capital venture it create loss and ultimately companys reputation. Leasing for long term means company has to pay fixed amount every decided term interval to whom has lease. Bank loan is the long term and company has to pay interest on it and also payback the principal amount of the loan to the bank in desire time period. Alpha plc is planning to make their own production units for that they need 250,000. For this they cant be relay on sources like personal savings, overdraft, bank loan can be acceptable but as per the terms and condition decided through the discussion at the banks policy. Debenture can be issued for the amount and fixed interest should be given to the debenture holders. As well as new equity shares can be brought by the board of directors through AGM agenda and get green signal from AGM to take new IPO or Rights issue of share to get the amount. In my opinion to get the big amount for years to cover (in form of profit) so it is advisable that in form of equity or rights issue or IPOs form of finance is the best because it does not make any fixed expenditure after getting the money or to give return on that money regular basis but it is also risky because if company cant perform well on the project companys prestige and share prices both will effect in negative. Task 3: Investment appraisal techniques: There are many investment appraisal techniques are being used some of them are Accounting rate or return, Discounting future cash flow, Net present value and internal rate of return. Accounting rate of return (ARR): The accounting rate of return is a way of comparing the profits you expect to make from an investment to the amount you need to invest. Advantage: The only advantage that can be claimed for ARR is simplicity of calculation. Disadvantage: 1. ignores the timing of outflows and inflows. It will not calculate separate for each project just calculates without considering time factor. 2. Uses a measure of return the concept of accounting profit. Profit has subjective elements, is subject to accounting conversions and is not as appropriate for investment decision making as the cash flows generated by the project. 3. There is no universally accepted method of calculating ARR. Discounted future cashflow (DCF): Money has a time value. If you have money now, you can use it for example, by putting in deposit. Conversely, if you want money now but will only get it in the future, you would have to pay to borrow it. The further you look ahead, the greater the risk are, if you expect an investment to return 1,000 in a years time, you may well be right. If you are looking ten years into the future, things might well have changed. Advantages: Clear, consistent decision criteria for all projects. Same result regardless of risk preferences of investors. Quantitative, decent level of precision, and economically rational. Not as vulnerable to accounting conventions (depreciation, inventoruy valuation, and so forth). Factors in the time value of money and risk structures. Relatively simple, widely taught, and widely accepted. Simple to explain to management: If benefits outweigh the costs, do it! Disadvantages: The use of DCF overcomes some of the disadvantages of the traditional techniques but it must be stressed that DCF itself has problems and contains many assumptions so thsat it should be used with care and with an awareness of its limitations. Net present value (NPV): The NPV calculates the present value of all cashflow associated with an investment; the initial investment outflow and the future cashflow returns. The higher the NPV the better. Advantages: Gives consideration to the time value of money. Considers all relevant cash flows. Commonly uses and understood. Disadvantages: Makes assumptions as to the cost of capital. More difficult to calculate; needs table of discount factors. Internal rate of return (IRR): Work out the discount rate that would give an investment an NPV is zero. This is called the IRR. The higher the IRR the better. IRR can compare to the own cost of capital, or the IRR on alternative projects. Advantages: Like NPV, it deals with discounted cash flows and is based upon the time value of money. Although percentage nature of the IRR may make it more acceptable. The cost of capital is required for use as the discount rate with NPV but, as has been indicated its calculations is difficult. Calculations of the IRR does not require a precise cost of capital discount rate and a projects IRR can be compared with an approximation of the cost of capital, avoiding dispute about the precise discount rate to use. The board can decide whether the IRR is sufficiently above the approximate cost of capital for the project to be acceptable. The difference between the IRR and the cost of capital indicates the additional return for risk that the project provides. Disadvantages: If there are negative annual net cash flows later than year 0, this may lead to more than one possible IRR. In this situation IRR must be used with great care. If company has to rank mutually exclusive projects, choosing the project with the highest IRR may result in a suboptimal outcome. Class Exercise: 1. Return on Capital employed = Profit before interest tax X 100 Capital employed Year 2008 Year 2009 = 22,428 X 100 = 30,270 X 100 71,121 18,81,137 = 31.53 % = 1.6 % 2. Profit Margin = Profit before interest tax X 100 Sales Year 2008 Year 2009 = 22,428 X 100 = 30,270 X 100 5,50,664 6,58,860 = 4.07 % = 4.59 % 3. Asset turnover = Sales____ Capital employed Year 2008 Year 2009 = 5,50,664 = 6,58,860 71,121 18,81,137 = 7.47 : 1 = 0.35 : 1 4. Current ratio = Current Assets Current liabilities Year 2008 Year 2009 = 2,53,753 = 5,76,984 2,12,813 3,62,420 = 1.19 : 1 = 1.59 : 1 5. Quick ratio = Current assets Stock Current liabilities Year 2008 Year 2009 = 2,53,753 336 = 5,76,984 865 2,12,813 3,62,420 = 1.19 : 1 = 1.59 : 1 6. Debtors collection period = Trade Debtors X 365 Credit Sales Year 2008 Year 2009 = 63,533 X 365 = 4,07,474 X 365 5,50,664 6,58,860 = 42 Days = 226 Days 7. Creditors payment period = Trade Creditors X 365 Credit Purchase Year 2008 Year 2009 = 4,049 X 365 = 3,559 X 365 75,120 1,18,926 = 20 Days = 11 Days 8. Stock days or inventory = Stock X 365 Cost of sales Year 2008 Year 2009 = 168 X 365 = 600 X 365 74,784 1,18,397 = 0.82 Days = 1.85 Days 9. Debt ratio = Total debt Total Assets Year 2008 Year 2009 = 2,12,813 = 19,99,458 2,83,934 22,43,557 = 0.75 : 1 = 0.89 : 1 If we think over the liquidity ratio, basically current ratio is 2:1 then it means company has 2 assets and against that 1 liability which shows good condition of the company. In Alpha Plc current ratio is 1.19 : 1 that means company has 1.19 assets and 1 liability and in 2009 the ratio rise up and becomes 1,59 : 1 which shows companys better condition in 2009. As per efficiency ratio Alpha plcs debtors collection period is 42 days in 2008 that means whatever company sale to its customers that it can cover its money within 42 days but in comparison of that in 2009 rise up 226 days which is not good for the future of company. Task 4: Payback: This is the time that it takes for the cash flows an investment project to cover or equal the cash outflows. Although, as we shall see, this method has certain inadequacies, it is used as a quick and simple measure of a projects viability. The pay-back period is measured in years or months and obviously the shorter the period, the more attractive the project will be in pay-back terms. Advantages: Easy to understand and calculate Looks for breakeven point Bias towards short payback and therefore lower risk. Forecasting long term is difficult so focus breakeven and early project result. Disadvantages: Limited to B/E on payback not overall investment return. Does not consider time value of money. Scale of project. Low risk of do nothing option. ROCE: ROCE can be useful in investment appraisal. This measure of return shows the percentage that profits earned on an investment compared with the cost of the investment. There are several different definitions of ROCE, profits and investment. Advantages: Full investment returns not only B/E. Widely used popular. % is easily understood. Company assessment based on this project assessment is appropriate. Disadvantages: No time value for money. Complex, different way of calculating. % does not look at scale of investment. Accounting return not cash flow. Calculating different ratios: M.K Plast Plc Particulars Value ( m) Stock 3.2 Debtor 0.9 Bank 3.5 Credit 5.0 Long team loan 5.0 Ordinary share capital 7.4 Reserves 2.5 Sales for years 30.7 Purchase for year 25.5 Cost of sales for year 28.2 Ordinary dividend 7.5 Corporate tax 0.75 Number of ordinary share bleach 0.50 Current market price 1.08 Net profit after tax and profit dividend 15 Debtors collection period (days) = Debtors Credit sales X 365 days = 0.9 30.7 x 365 days = 10.70 days Creditors payment period days = Trade creditors Credit purchase x 365 days = 5.0 25.5 x 365 days = 71.56 Stock turnover (days) = Average stock x 365 days cost of sales = 3.2 28.2 x 365 days = 41.41 days Capital gearing percentage = Long-term loans (including preference shares) Capital (Ordinary shares + reserves) x 100 1 = 1.8 x 100 50+3.7 = 3.35 Earnings per share = net profit corporation tax and preference dividends Number of issued ordinary shares = 15, 00,000 50, 00,000 = 0.3 Price earnings ratio = Market price of ordinary share (in pence) Earnings per ordinary share (in pence) = 108 30 = 6 pence Dividend cover = Net profit after corporation tax and preference dividends Ordinary dividends = 15 000 00 7, 50,000 = 2 As show in the above equation debtor get 10 days credit and company get 71 days credit for that company will not need any extra working capital for their purchases also they can purchase more and sale them through that rotation or turnover they can create big amount of profit. Stock turnover is 41 days means company sales all of their stocks in 41 days they need another stock after that. Earning per share is a barometer for investor to invest in a company how the company earn per their investment and how much it is profitable or advisable to invest in such kind of company in this company EPS is 30 pence per share which is low so, investor might not attract the investor and company has to perform better for their sustainability. Companys price earning ratio is 6 pence, Means Company earning is not so good in terms of current price which is 108 pence. Dividend cover is 2 it means company get more profit in terms of their dividend given policy they are not making reserves and they pass their profit to the shareholder directly it is not advisable to do.

Lengthy Poem Surrounding - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1710 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Sir Gawain and The Green Knight Essay Did you like this example? Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a lengthy poem surrounding well-known King Arthur of Camelot and one of his most noble and loyal knights, Sir Gawain. Throughout the story, the noble knight is traveling to battle the antagonist of the poem, the Green Knight, a being that challenged Sir Gawain to track down and decapitate him. During his journey, he is tempted three times by Lady Bertilak, the wife of the Lord who is granting Sir Gawain shelter in his time of need, and his knightly honor is challenged by this. Despite being given plenty of opportunities to betray King Arthur and pick the path that would label him as morally corrupt, he remained noble and true to his vows. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was written in the late fourteenth century. During this trying time period, the Hundred Years War was raging and the Black Plague was finally beginning to come to a halt. This poem covers knightly chivalry and morals. Throughout the story, these two themes are challenged through the temptation of the main character, Sir Gawain. During the late fourteenth century, the Hundred Years War was still going on with full force and it didnt look like there would be a cease-fire any time soon. In addition, the infamous Black Plague was tearing through Europe and destroying morale in society. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Lengthy Poem Surrounding" essay for you Create order However, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight does not spend time on the dirty aspects of society that were extremely hard to swallow during the time period. The author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight decided, instead, to give the people of Britain an escape through literature, has not mentioned the fact that the British society was crumbling. The time period had an incredibly heavy influence on the story because without the absolutely crushing events going on at the time, the motivation behind the author providing an excellent story to give the downtrodden people an escape and a person to look up to in times of extreme grief, such as Sir Gawain, the poem never would have been written in the first place. At the very beginning of the poem, Sir Gawain is at a grand Christmas feast at King Arthurs court. The author uses imagery to depict how vibrant and red the feast is, providing a stark contrast when the Green Knight walks in and disrupts the monochromatic feast. The unknown author also uses choice words and phrases to describe the feast as jubilant and suddenly turns to an air of unease when the Green Knight is introduced. Not only did the author use imagery to set the tone of the story, but the author also used plenty of alliteration to emphasize a point. An example of the authors use of alliteration is And all his vesture verayly watz clene verdure, / Bothe the barres of his belt and other blythe stones. (Sir Gawain, lines 161-162). Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a poem filled with symbolism, the main three symbols in the story are the pentangle, the color green, and the green girdle. First, the pentangle is made to be a representation of five virtues: generosity, fellowship, chastity, courtesy, and charity. The reader is shown what the pentangle is meant to symbolize through these lines: It is a symbol that Solomon designed long ago / As an emblem of fidelity, and justly so; / /Therefore it suits this knight and his shining arms, / For always faithful in five ways, and five times in each case, / Gawain was reputed as virtuous, (Sir Gawain, lines 625-626; 631-633). Next is the color green, a symbol that remains constant throughout the entire story. While the unknown author does not bluntly state the meaning behind the color green, there are plenty of clues within the poem to suggest its hidden meaning. The Green Knight himself is a solid green color and he carries a massive ax in one hand and a holly branch in the other. Both of these items are directly correlated to nature. The holly branch is a piece of nature itself and the ax as a tool to cut down trees. Another clue is the chapel where the Green Knight is waiting for Sir Gawain. The chapel itself is described as one of the most wild, natural places in the poem (Symbolism: The Color Green, pg 1) thus leading the reader to believe that the color green is meant to represent nature itself. The third and final major use of symbolism in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is the green girdle Sir Gawain is given by Lady Bertilak. Unlike the symbol of the color green, the green girdle is a symbol that is much easier to understand and point out to the average reader. The girdle also is a symbol for many different things, the meaning behind it simply depends on the situation it is used in. When Lady Bertilak gives the green girdle to Sir Gawain, it is intended as a lovers keepsake and something to remember her by. She also states that the girdle has the ability to make the person wearing it indestructible. When she mentions that, the green girdles meaning shifts from a lovers token to survival. Then, when Sir Gawain fails to give the girdle to King Bertilak as a part of their agreement, the meaning moves towards desperate desire to survive at the expense of his code of honor (Symbolism: The Green Girdle, pg 1). The story of Sir Gawain was a genuinely enjoyable experience, some older literature can be a difficult read but this poem is an exception. The extraordinary imagery used throughout the tale completely captured me and allowed me to get enthralled in the plot. It was incredibly frustrating when Sir Gawain was constantly being tempted by Lady Bertilak. This was aggravating because, as a reader, I wanted Sir Gawain to succeed in his journey and Lady Bertilak left a bad taste in my mouth because she could get in the way of his ultimate goal. Overall, once Sir Gawain came to the end of his journey and it was revealed that the Green Knight had played somewhat of a trick on him by being the orchestrator of the state of affairs with Lord and Lady Bertilak, I was absolutely sh ocked. However, I must admit that in hindsight, I, and any other reader, should have taken into consideration that the girdle presented by Lady Bertilak was green, a symbol for the Green Knight himself. The story as a whole was truly a fantastic and the unknown author did an amazing job at keeping the readers on the edge of their seats. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight begins with the grand Christmas feast, which immediately establishes a vibrant aesthetic. The hall is decorated to be nearly completely red, tying in with traditional Christmas colors of course. However, the Christmas feast is not the only example of a beautiful aesthetic. The author describes Sir Gawains armor in great detail. Then, the author goes on to talk about the pentangle on Sir Gawains shield and how it is supposed to represent five holy virtues. Another form of imagery the author uses is the changing of seasons throughout the text. The seasons drive the plot and Sir Gawains journey and are mostly described by the cha nging of the leaves around Sir Gawain. A great example of this is when Sir Gawain is searching for the Green Knight. During this time, it the middle of the winter. At this point, Sir Gawain is getting worn, then he notices a green field. This is where the author uses imagery to bring in the supernatural force of the story. Otherwise, it would not make any sense whatsoever that there would be a lush green field in the middle of winter. The sudden appearance of a summery scene is to entice Sir Gawain in a sense, it is trying to make the reader and Sir Gawain feel like the castle is a safe haven. This ends up being a test by the supernatural force, the Green Knight, further proving that the appearance of seasons throughout the story drive Sir Gawains journey. Next, the author uses language to bring life and beauty into the piece of writing. The intentions behind why the author chose to write this story are unknown, but there are key factors in the time period and the poem itself that detail how it could have been so impactful at the time it was written. In the late fourteenth century, a war was raging and the black death was claiming the lives of an unimaginable number of people. Due to these two major facts about the time period, the people needed something to escape to. Reading about war and death was unappealing to them because they were living in that hell every single day. It can be assumed that the author chose to write a story surrounding chivalry and true honor because thats what the people of the time needed to see most of all. Sir Gawain showed the public that it is desirable to be so honorable and noble, something that the people didnt see much of at the time. However, the author also showed a somewhat softer side to Sir Gawain that could relate with the everyday person, he feared death just as much as any normal human being would fear such a fate. This showed the readers that Sir Gawain was human and even though he was the poster child for being noble and chivalrous, he still feared the inevitable. Not only did Sir Gawain and the Green Knight have an impact on readers at the time, but its religious themes have held true. Around the world, Christianity is practiced. The author at the time most definitely had different values and practiced religion in a vastly different way but people now are still majorly impacted by Christianity. This poem was simply a contribution to push Christianity forward as an attempt to express the authors own values and morals but as an attempt to keep Christianity at the forefront of society. The author most certainly accomplished that feat, and it is evident through the fact that millions of people continue to p ractice Christianity and uphold the same values to this day.

Mass Media on Education - 2275 Words

title page title page TOPIC Critically examine how mass media has impacted on the educational landscape in Jamaica. (Explore at least 4 points) Media is known to be the most powerful means of communication. The print media, electronic media and the Internet are all the subsets of mass media. But what is mass media? Media can be defined as all the means of communication that provide the public with news and entertainment along with advertising. The word mass, according to the Oxford Mini Dictionary, means ‘ a large quantity, heap or expanse’. Therefore the word mass media can be defined as the means of communication that reach large numbers of people in a short time. Mass-media offers information in different form such†¦show more content†¦Notice the spelling for water, bigger, dollars and phone. Another negative medium that affects the way we spell things here is the telephone. Texting has taken over our lives so much that one local telephone network gives away one hundred free texts per day. The words that are shortened in the texts though have impacted the way we learn to spell some words. Some of these words are ‘av’ for ‘have’, ‘di’ for ‘the’ and ‘ur’ for ‘you’re’. This can mislead children as to the correct spelling of these and other words. We are already faced with spelling and reading problems in the classroom without having to add to them. Although it is easy to assess and obtain an education online, many times the educational institutions are not accredited with the Jamaican government. Secondly I must look at how mass media affects Jamaican socially. Mass media has exposed us to more cultures and the ways of life of other people in other counties. We are now open to other religions, foods, food preparation, sexuality, dressing, hair style and ways of teaching, just to name a few. A few years ago you would only know about the Christian religion. 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The necessity and the relevancy of mass media becomes more prominent and urgent in the 21st century world, as the 21st century landscape is exceptionally more mediated than in previous eras of human history. It behooves producers, distributors, and consumers of mass media to understand and consider the interplay between power and discourse within the context of mass media. Where isRead MoreAdvantages of mass media1332 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Do the advantages of Mass Media outweigh the disadvantages? Mass media refers collectively to all the media technologies that are intended to reach a large audience via mass communication. There are various forms of mass media such as radio, television, movies, magazines, newspapers and the World Wide Web. Mass Media enjoys a very prominent role in our lives and thus, it is believed to influence our society. There are positive and negative effects of mass media on our society. This essay will

Descartes Meditations Essay - 1316 Words

Meditations is a discussion of metaphysics, or what is truly real. In these writings, he ultimately hopes to achieve absolute certainty about the nature of everything including God, the physical world, and himself. It is only with a clear and distinct knowledge of such things that he can then begin understand his true reality. Descartes starts by looking at our usual sources for truth. Authority, which is churches, parents, and schools, he says, are not reliable sources for truth because time shows we all die, and that we are eventually proved wrong, much in the same way the accepted truths of science have changed dramatically over the course of history. Also, he considers the generally excepted view that our senses dependably report the†¦show more content†¦Hoping to discern the existence of anything else aside from himself, an immaterial substance, Descartes considers a variety of ideas he has within his mind and contemplates whether he could have conceived them himself or not. Predominantly, he finds that he has the idea of a perfect being. Descartes is imperfect in that he is not all knowing (omniscient) or all powerful (omnipotent), and is mos t certainly mortal. Another way in which Descartes proves the existence of God is through an â€Å"ontological† proof. This states that an essential property of a perfect being is existence, or that the idea of a perfect being proves that there must be one because the definition of a perfect being must include that it exists. At this point he observes that his existence depends upon God, or that only God exists necessarily, while everything else exists contingently. Descartes concludes that the reliability of mathematics can no longer be doubted because God guarantees the truth of all self-evident ideas,(self-evident not meaning obvious), but ones that can be calculated through mathematical physics. Therefore, Descartes now knows that a perfect being exists and that he is not alone. knows what one will do in the future, then one must do what God knows he will do in the future. This means that one has no choice in what God knows he will do, since God already knows that he will do it, thereforeShow MoreRelated The Meditations by Rene Descartes1003 Words   |  5 PagesIn Descartes’ Meditations, his goal to prove the existence of things could only be accomplished if he was logical, clear, and correct in his thoughts and writings. The most important issues he noted were the threat of being deceived and the potential of being incorrect in his judgments, both of which would lead him into error. Error exists as a problem that individuals encounter on a regular basis, and it also exists as a focal point in Descartes’ Meditations. 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He presents various hypothesis that prove there is reasonRead MoreDescartes Meditations Of First Philosophy857 Words   |  4 PagesChristopher Joao Philosophy- 201 Mr. Jurkiewicz 4 March 2016 Descartes’ - Meditation #2 Rene Descartes was a French philosopher born in 1596. He is considered by many the father of modern philosophy and continues to have tremendous influence in the philosophical world to this day. The book, Meditations of First Philosophy, consist of six meditations and describes one meditation per day for six days. In meditation two, he claims that we have better knowledge of our own minds than of the physical

International Trade Agreement And Globalization - 1449 Words

TJ Ifaturoti BUSN 225 Professor Mavubi October 26, 2015 The Unites States of America has long been a country with international trade agreements, such as with: China, Guatemala, Mexico, Canada, and many other countries. The trade agreements have been made due to a few factors; embargos, the cost of manufacturing being less costly in foreign countries, treaties which benefit both trading parties by the elimination of tariffs and other various barriers, increased competition, and reduced import costs. Although there seem to be very few factors listed, there are in actuality many more factors which go into a trade agreement. A prime example of a trade agreement and globalization is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which consists of The United States of America, Canada, and Mexico. The international market is opened up when services, capital, and goods cross America’s borders. Which also opens up opportunities for Americans as well as other foreigners to take advantage of the market place. Buyers are able to take advanta ge of the least expensive services and goods the market has to offer, as well as the ability to choose the best investments opportunities. NAFTA almost immediately expelled tariffs on a vast majority of goods manufactured by the signing countries. â€Å"†¦ countries that are more open to the global economy grow faster†¦ than those that are relatively closed† (Gimpelson, Treisman, 2015). It also called for a gradual elimination of mostShow MoreRelatedInternational Political Market Values And Subsequent Free Trade Agreements869 Words   |  4 PagesIn relations, international liberal market values and subsequent free trade agreements are at the forefront of economic globalization. As the global markets and economic competition intensifies, nations move towards trade liberalization. International trade agreements by extension of economic globalization are more often prioritized before environmental agreements. In fact it is evident that environmental policy is rarely prioritized over economic growth. The neo-liberal market ideals have encouragedRead MoreGlobalization: A Free Trade Phenomenon Essay866 Words   |  4 Pages Globalization is â€Å"the integration of states through increasing contact, communication and trade to create a holistic, single global system in which the process of change increasingly binds people together in a common fate† (Carey 2002). Some economists recognize globalization as being in the best interest of all states. While others believe that increasingly liberated trade and global economic interaction is necessary in many ways. While globalization marks a move toward a more open world-tradingRead MoreWhat Would Our Nation Do Without Globalization and International Trade? 1574 Words   |  7 Pagesstrategies. Becoming international is an important factor in assisting organizations in becoming globally competitive. Strategic imperatives have helped in the development of globalization. Organizations can no longer stand still while their competitors grow stronger. This causes organizations to seek out new markets. Survival is a key indicator for an organization to enter into a global market place. What would our nation do without globalization and international trade? Below is a list ofRead MoreFactors That Influence A Nations Willingness Enter Into Trade Agreements1714 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many factors that influence a nation’s willingness to enter into Trade Agreements. Briefly outline the basic models discussed in the readings and class (Heckscher-Ohlin and Ricardo-Viner). Discuss what factors influence domestic trade preferences (Political, Economic, Sociotropic, etc.). According to the article, the hypothesis of Heckscher-Ohlin model or factor endowments is that â€Å"all factors of production within a country are mobile across sectors, that markets are perfectly competitiveRead MoreGlobalization Perpetuates Economic Interdependence between Countries993 Words   |  4 PagesGlobalization perpetuates economic interdependence between countries. Through the increasing volume of goods and services transferred across borders, globalization has created international capital flow and boosted the rapid diffusion of technology. According to Dr. Ismail Shariff, â€Å"globalization is the worldwide process of homogenizing prices, products, wages, rates of interest and profit.† Three forces control the manner by which globalization furthers developments. These factors include the roleRead MoreThe Main Goals Of Free Trade Agreements1186 Words   |  5 Pages One of the main goals of free trade agreements is globalization. Globalization, or global fre e trade, is the creation of trading connections between countries throughout the world (Globalization). Globalization stresses free trade. Free trade is when tariffs are reduced or eliminated on exports or imports. Tariff tax percentages added to US imported goods have dropped dramatically from about 60% in the 1930s, to lower than 10% in 2005 (International). With less money taxed on products, corporationsRead MoreThe Political Economy Of Globalization1699 Words   |  7 PagesJoseph Stiglitz and Layna Mosley both discuss globalization in detail and both have similar views regarding globalization. In the chapter â€Å"The Political Economy of Globalization† Layna Mosley asks the question whether globalizations effect on government policy making has adverse effects on the state of the global economy or if governments retain autonomy in regards to policymaking despite globalization. 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This report will examine the definition of globalization, advantages and disadvantages of globalization and the popularity of globalization. Some strong evidences gathered by the primary and secondary data. Some content is based on my personal knowledge. Table of content 2. Introduction Nowadays, globalization plays the vital role all around the world. ThereRead MoreInternational Trade, Globalization And Market Entry1515 Words   |  7 Pagesof International trade, Globalization and market entry. International trade happens when countries trade goods and services, these kinds of trade gives countries the opportunities to showcase their country and be exposed to other goods and services that are not available in their own country. (Heakal 2017) The Caribbean have been in trade agreement for more than 30 years these agreements have given Caribbean countries the opportunities to do business with different regions to invest and trade with

The Da Vinci Code Chapter 63-67 Free Essays

CHAPTER 63 Lieutenant Collet stood alone at the foot of Leigh Teabing’s driveway and gazed up at the massive house. Isolated.Dark. We will write a custom essay sample on The Da Vinci Code Chapter 63-67 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Good ground cover.Collet watched his half-dozen agents spreading silently out along the length of the fence. They could be over it and have the house surrounded in a matter of minutes. Langdon could not have chosen a more ideal spot for Collet’s men to make a surprise assault. Collet was about to call Fache himself when at last his phone rang. Fache sounded not nearly as pleased with the developments as Collet would have imagined. â€Å"Why didn’t someone tell me we had a lead on Langdon?† â€Å"You were on a phone call and – â€Å" â€Å"Where exactly are you, Lieutenant Collet?† Collet gave him the address. â€Å"The estate belongs to a British national named Teabing. Langdon drove a fair distance to get here, and the vehicle is inside the security gate, with no signs of forced entry, so chances are good that Langdon knows the occupant.† â€Å"I’m coming out,† Fache said. â€Å"Don’t make a move. I’ll handle this personally.† Collet’s jaw dropped. â€Å"But Captain, you’re twenty minutes away! We should act immediately. I have him staked out. I’m with eight men total. Four of us have field rifles and the others have side arms.† â€Å"Wait for me.† â€Å"Captain, what if Langdon has a hostage in there? What if he sees us and decides to leave on foot? We need to move now! My men are in position and ready to go.† â€Å"Lieutenant Collet, you will wait for me to arrive before taking action. That is an order.† Fache hung up. Stunned, Lieutenant Collet switched off his phone. Why the hell is Fache asking me to wait? Collet knew the answer. Fache, though famous for his instinct, was notorious for his pride. Fache wants credit for the arrest.After putting the American’s face all over the television, Fache wanted to be sure his own face got equal time. Collet’s job was simply to hold down the fort until the boss showed up to save the day. As he stood there, Collet flashed on a second possible explanation for this delay. Damage control. In law enforcement, hesitating to arrest a fugitive only occurred when uncertainty had arisen regarding the suspect’s guilt. Is Fache having second thoughts that Langdon is the right man? The thought was frightening. Captain Fache had gone out on a limb tonight to arrest Robert Langdon – surveillance cachee, Interpol, and now television. Not even the great Bezu Fache would survive the political fallout if he had mistakenly splashed a prominent American’s face all over French television, claiming he was a murderer. If Fache now realized he’d made a mistake, then it made perfect sense that he would tell Collet not to make a move. The last thing Fache needed was for Collet to storm an innocent Brit’s private estate and take Langdon at gunpoint. Moreover, Collet realized, if Langdon were innocent, it explained one of this case’s strangest paradoxes: Why had Sophie Neveu, the granddaughter of the victim, helped the alleged killer escape? Unless Sophie knew Langdon was falsely charged. Fache had posited all kinds of explanations tonight to explain Sophie’s odd behavior, including that Sophie, as Sauniere’s sole heir, had persuaded her secret lover Robert Langdon to kill off Sauniere for the inheritance money. Sauniere, if he had suspected this, might have left the police the message P. S.Find RobertLangdon.Collet was fairly certain something else was going on here. Sophie Neveu seemed far too solid of character to be mixed up in something that sordid. â€Å"Lieutenant?† One of the field agents came running over. â€Å"We found a car.† Collet followed the agent about fifty yards past the driveway. The agent pointed to a wide shoulder on the opposite side of the road. There, parked in the brush, almost out of sight, was a black Audi. It had rental plates. Collet felt the hood. Still warm. Hot even. â€Å"That must be how Langdon got here,† Collet said. â€Å"Call the rental company. Find out if it’s stolen.† â€Å"Yes, sir.† Another agent waved Collet back over in the direction of the fence. â€Å"Lieutenant, have a look at this.† He handed Collet a pair of night vision binoculars. â€Å"The grove of trees near the top of the driveway.† Collet aimed the binoculars up the hill and adjusted the image intensifier dials. Slowly, the greenish shapes came into focus. He located the curve of the driveway and slowly followed it up, reaching the grove of trees. All he could do was stare. There, shrouded in the greenery, was an armored truck. A truck identical to the one Collet had permitted to leave the Depository Bank of Zurich earlier tonight. He prayed this was some kind of bizarre coincidence, but he knew it could not be. â€Å"It seems obvious,† the agent said,† that this truck is how Langdon and Neveu got away from the bank.† Collet was speechless. He thought of the armored truck driver he had stopped at the roadblock. The Rolex. His impatience to leave. I never checked the cargo hold. Incredulous, Collet realized that someone in the bank had actually lied to DCPJ about Langdon and Sophie’s whereabouts and then helped them escape. But who? And why? Collet wondered if maybe this were the reason Fache had told him not to take action yet. Maybe Fache realized there were more people involved tonight than just Langdon and Sophie. And if Langdon and Neveu arrived inthe armored truck, then who drove the Audi? Hundreds of miles to the south, a chartered Beechcraft Baron 58 raced northward over the Tyrrhenian Sea. Despite calm skies, Bishop Aringarosa clutched an airsickness bag, certain he could be ill at any moment. His conversation with Paris had not at all been what he had imagined. Alone in the small cabin, Aringarosa twisted the gold ring on his finger and tried to ease his overwhelming sense of fear and desperation. Everything in Paris has gone terribly wrong.Closing his eyes, Aringarosa said a prayer that Bezu Fache would have the means to fix it. CHAPTER 64 Teabing sat on the divan, cradling the wooden box on his lap and admiring the lid’s intricate inlaid Rose. Tonight has become the strangest and most magical night of my life. â€Å"Lift the lid,† Sophie whispered, standing over him, beside Langdon. Teabing smiled. Do not rush me.Having spent over a decade searching for this keystone, he wanted to savor every millisecond of this moment. He ran a palm across the wooden lid, feeling the texture of the inlaid flower. â€Å"The Rose,† he whispered. The Rose is Magdalene is the Holy Grail.The Rose is the compass that guides the way.Teabing felt foolish. For years he had traveled to cathedrals and churches all over France, paying for special access, examining hundreds of archways beneath rose windows, searching for an encrypted keystone. La clef de voute – a stone key beneath the sign of the Rose. Teabing slowly unlatched the lid and raised it. As his eyes finally gazed upon the contents, he knew in an instant it could only be the keystone. He was staring at a stone cylinder, crafted of interconnecting lettered dials. The device seemed surprisingly familiar to him. â€Å"Designed from Da Vinci’s diaries,† Sophie said. â€Å"My grandfather made them as a hobby.† Of course, Teabing realized. He had seen the sketches and blueprints. The key to finding the Holy Grail lies inside this stone.Teabing lifted the heavy cryptex from the box, holding it gently. Although he had no idea how to open the cylinder, he sensed his own destiny lay inside. In moments of failure, Teabing had questioned whether his life’s quest would ever be rewarded. Now those doubts were gone forever. He could hear the ancient words†¦ the foundation of the Grail legend: Vous ne trouvez pas le Saint-Graal, c’est le Saint-Graal qui vous trouve. You do not find the Grail, the Grail finds you. And tonight, incredibly, the key to finding the Holy Grail had walked right through his front door. While Sophie and Teabing sat with the cryptex and talked about the vinegar, the dials, and what the password might be, Langdon carried the rosewood box across the room to a well-lit table to get a better look at it. Something Teabing had just said was now running through Langdon’s mind. The key to the Grail is hidden beneath the sign of the Rose. Langdon held the wooden box up to the light and examined the inlaid symbol of the Rose. Although his familiarity with art did not include woodworking or inlaid furniture, he had just recalled the famous tiled ceiling of the Spanish monastery outside of Madrid, where, three centuries after its construction, the ceiling tiles began to fall out, revealing sacred texts scrawled by monks on the plaster beneath. Langdon looked again at the Rose. Beneath the Rose. Sub Rosa. Secret. A bump in the hallway behind him made Langdon turn. He saw nothing but shadows. Teabing’s manservant most likely had passed through. Langdon turned back to the box. He ran his finger over the smooth edge of the inlay, wondering if he could pry the Rose out, but the craftsmanship was perfect. He doubted even a razor blade could fit in between the inlaid Rose and the carefully carved depression into which it was seated. Opening the box, he examined the inside of the lid. It was smooth. As he shifted its position, though, the light caught what appeared to be a small hole on the underside of the lid, positioned in the exact center. Langdon closed the lid and examined the inlaid symbol from the top. No hole. It doesn’t pass through. Setting the box on the table, he looked around the room and spied a stack of papers with a paper clip on it. Borrowing the clip, he returned to the box, opened it, and studied the hole again. Carefully, he unbent the paper clip and inserted one end into the hole. He gave a gentle push. It took almost no effort. He heard something clatter quietly onto the table. Langdon closed the lid to look. It was a small piece of wood, like a puzzle piece. The wooden Rose had popped out of the lid and fallen onto the desk. Speechless, Langdon stared at the bare spot on the lid where the Rose had been. There, engraved in the wood, written in an immaculate hand, were four lines of text in a language he had never seen. The characters look vaguely Semitic, Langdon thought to himself, and yet I don’t recognize the language! A sudden movement behind him caught his attention. Out of nowhere, a crushing blow to the head knocked Langdon to his knees. As he fell, he thought for a moment he saw a pale ghost hovering over him, clutching a gun. Then everything went black. CHAPTER 65 Sophie Neveu, despite working in law enforcement, had never found herself at gunpoint until tonight. Almost inconceivably, the gun into which she was now staring was clutched in the pale hand of an enormous albino with long white hair. He looked at her with red eyes that radiated a frightening, disembodied quality. Dressed in a wool robe with a rope tie, he resembled a medieval cleric. Sophie could not imagine who he was, and yet she was feeling a sudden newfound respect for Teabing’s suspicions that the Church was behind this. â€Å"You know what I have come for,† the monk said, his voice hollow. Sophie and Teabing were seated on the divan, arms raised as their attacker had commanded. Langdon lay groaning on the floor. The monk’s eyes fell immediately to the keystone on Teabing’s lap. Teabing’s tone was defiant. â€Å"You will not be able to open it.† â€Å"My Teacher is very wise,† the monk replied, inching closer, the gun shifting between Teabing and Sophie. Sophie wondered where Teabing’s manservant was. Didn’t he hear Robert fall? â€Å"Who is your teacher?† Teabing asked. â€Å"Perhaps we can make a financial arrangement.† â€Å"The Grail is priceless.† He moved closer.† You’re bleeding,† Teabing noted calmly, nodding to the monk’s right ankle where a trickle of blood had run down his leg. â€Å"And you’re limping.† â€Å"As do you,† the monk replied, motioning to the metal crutches propped beside Teabing. â€Å"Now, hand me the keystone.† â€Å"You know of the keystone?† Teabing said, sounding surprised. â€Å"Never mind what I know. Stand up slowly, and give it to me.† â€Å"Standing is difficult for me.† â€Å"Precisely. I would prefer nobody attempt any quick moves.† Teabing slipped his right hand through one of his crutches and grasped the keystone in his left. Lurching to his feet, he stood erect, palming the heavy cylinder in his left hand, and leaning unsteadily on his crutch with his right. The monk closed to within a few feet, keeping the gun aimed directly at Teabing’s head. Sophie watched, feeling helpless as the monk reached out to take the cylinder. â€Å"You will not succeed,† Teabing said. â€Å"Only the worthy can unlock this stone.† God alone judges the worthy, Silas thought. â€Å"It’s quite heavy,† the man on crutches said, his arm wavering now. â€Å"If you don’t take it soon, I’m afraid I shall drop it!† He swayed perilously. Silas stepped quickly forward to take the stone, and as he did, the man on crutches lost his balance. The crutch slid out from under him, and he began to topple sideways to his right. No! Silas lunged to save the stone, lowering his weapon in the process. But the keystone was moving away from him now. As the man fell to his right, his left hand swung backward, and the cylinder tumbled from his palm onto the couch. At the same instant, the metal crutch that had been sliding out from under the man seemed to accelerate, cutting a wide arc through the air toward Silas’s leg. Splinters of pain tore up Silas’s body as the crutch made perfect contact with his cilice, crushing the barbs into his already raw flesh. Buckling, Silas crumpled to his knees, causing the belt to cut deeper still. The pistol discharged with a deafening roar, the bullet burying itself harmlessly in the floorboards as Silas fell. Before he could raise the gun and fire again, the woman’s foot caught him square beneath the jaw. At the bottom of the driveway, Collet heard the gunshot. The muffled pop sent panic through his veins. With Fache on the way, Collet had already relinquished any hopes of claiming personal credit for finding Langdon tonight. But Collet would be damned if Fache’s ego landed him in front of a Ministerial Review Board for negligent police procedure. A weapon was discharged inside a private home! And you waited at the bottom of the driveway? Collet knew the opportunity for a stealth approach had long since passed. He also knew if he stood idly by for another second, his entire career would be history by morning. Eyeing the estate’s iron gate, he made his decision. â€Å"Tie on, and pull it down.† In the distant recesses of his groggy mind, Robert Langdon had heard the gunshot. He’d also heard a scream of pain. His own? A jackhammer was boring a hole into the back of his cranium. Somewhere nearby, people were talking. â€Å"Where the devil were you?† Teabing was yelling. The manservant hurried in. â€Å"What happened? Oh my God! Who is that? I’ll call the police!† â€Å"Bloody hell! Don’t call the police. Make yourself useful and get us something with which to restrain this monster.† â€Å"And some ice!† Sophie called after him. Langdon drifted out again. More voices. Movement. Now he was seated on the divan. Sophie was holding an ice pack to his head. His skull ached. As Langdon’s vision finally began to clear, he found himself staring at a body on the floor. Am I hallucinating? The massive body of an albino monk lay bound and gagged with duct tape. His chin was split open, and the robe over his right thigh was soaked with blood. He too appeared to be just now coming to. Langdon turned to Sophie. â€Å"Who is that? What†¦ happened?† Teabing hobbled over. â€Å"You were rescued by a knight brandishing an Excalibur made by Acme Orthopedic.† Huh? Langdon tried to sit up. Sophie’s touch was shaken but tender. â€Å"Just give yourself a minute, Robert.† â€Å"I fear,† Teabing said,† that I’ve just demonstrated for your lady friend the unfortunate benefit of my condition. It seems everyone underestimates you.† From his seat on the divan, Langdon gazed down at the monk and tried to imagine what had happened. â€Å"He was wearing a cilice,†Teabing explained. â€Å"A what?† Teabing pointed to a bloody strip of barbed leather that lay on the floor. â€Å"A Discipline belt. He wore it on his thigh. I took careful aim.† Langdon rubbed his head. He knew of Discipline belts. â€Å"But how†¦ did you know?† Teabing grinned. â€Å"Christianity is my field of study, Robert, and there are certain sects who wear their hearts on their sleeves.† He pointed his crutch at the blood soaking through the monk’s cloak. â€Å"As it were.† â€Å"Opus Dei,† Langdon whispered, recalling recent media coverage of several prominent Boston businessmen who were members of Opus Dei. Apprehensive coworkers had falsely and publicly accused the men of wearing Discipline belts beneath their three-piece suits. In fact, the three men did no such thing. Like many members of Opus Dei, these businessmen were at the† supernumerary† stage and practiced no corporal mortification at all. They were devout Catholics, caring fathers to their children, and deeply dedicated members of the community. Not surprisingly, the media spotlighted their spiritual commitment only briefly before moving on to the shock value of the sect’s more stringent† numerary† members†¦ members like the monk now lying on the floor before Langdon. Teabing was looking closely at the bloody belt. â€Å"But why would Opus Dei be trying to find the Holy Grail?† Langdon was too groggy to consider it. â€Å"Robert,† Sophie said, walking to the wooden box. â€Å"What’s this?† She was holding the small Rose inlay he had removed from the lid.† It covered an engraving on the box. I think the text might tell us how to open the keystone.† Before Sophie and Teabing could respond, a sea of blue police lights and sirens erupted at thebottom of the hill and began snaking up the half-mile driveway. Teabing frowned. â€Å"My friends, it seems we have a decision to make. And we’d better make it fast.† CHAPTER 66 Collet and his agents burst through the front door of Sir Leigh Teabing’s estate with their guns drawn. Fanning out, they began searching all the rooms on the first level. They found a bullet hole in the drawing room floor, signs of a struggle, a small amount of blood, a strange, barbed leather belt, and a partially used roll of duct tape. The entire level seemed deserted. Just as Collet was about to divide his men to search the basement and grounds behind the house, he heard voices on the level above them. â€Å"They’re upstairs!† Rushing up the wide staircase, Collet and his men moved room by room through the huge home, securing darkened bedrooms and hallways as they closed in on the sounds of voices. The sound seemed to be coming from the last bedroom on an exceptionally long hallway. The agents inched down the corridor, sealing off alternate exits. As they neared the final bedroom, Collet could see the door was wide open. The voices had stopped suddenly, and had been replaced by an odd rumbling, like an engine. Sidearm raised, Collet gave the signal. Reaching silently around the door frame, he found the light switch and flicked it on. Spinning into the room with men pouring in after him, Collet shouted and aimed his weapon at†¦ nothing. An empty guest bedroom. Pristine. The rumbling sounds of an automobile engine poured from a black electronic panel on the wall beside the bed. Collet had seen these elsewhere in the house. Some kind of intercom system. He raced over. The panel had about a dozen labeled buttons: STUDY†¦ KITCHEN†¦ LAUNDRY†¦ CELLAR†¦ So where the hell do I hear a car? MASTER BEDROOM†¦ SUN ROOM†¦ BARN†¦ LIBRARY†¦ Barn! Collet was downstairs in seconds, running toward the back door, grabbing one of his agents on the way. The men crossed the rear lawn and arrived breathless at the front of a weathered gray barn. Even before they entered, Collet could hear the fading sounds of a car engine. He drew his weapon, rushed in, and flicked on the lights. The right side of the barn was a rudimentary workshop – lawn-mowers, automotive tools, gardening supplies. A familiar intercom panel hung on the wall nearby. One of its buttons was flipped down, transmitting. GUEST BEDROOM II. Collet wheeled, anger brimming. They lured us upstairs with the intercom! Searching the other side of the barn, he found a long line of horse stalls. No horses. Apparently the owner preferred a different kind of horsepower; the stalls had been converted into an impressive automotive parking facility. The collection was astonishing – a black Ferrari, a pristine Rolls-Royce, an antique Astin Martin sports coupe, a vintage Porsche 356. The last stall was empty. Collet ran over and saw oil stains on the stall floor. They can’t get off the compound.The driveway and gate were barricaded with two patrol cars to prevent this very situation. â€Å"Sir?† The agent pointed down the length of the stalls. The barn’s rear slider was wide open, giving way to a dark, muddy slope of rugged fields that stretched out into the night behind the barn. Collet ran to the door, trying to see out into the darkness. All he could make out was the faint shadow of a forest in the distance. No headlights. This wooded valley was probably crisscrossed by dozens of unmapped fire roads and hunting trails, but Collet was confident his quarry would never make the woods. â€Å"Get some men spread out down there. They’re probably already stuck somewhere nearby. These fancy sports cars can’t handle terrain.† â€Å"Um, sir?† The agent pointed to a nearby pegboard on which hung several sets of keys. The labels above the keys bore familiar names. DAIMLER†¦ ROLLS-ROYCE†¦ ASTIN MARTIN†¦ PORSCHE†¦ The last peg was empty. When Collet read the label above the empty peg, he knew he was in trouble. CHAPTER 67 The Range Rover was Java Black Pearl, four-wheel drive, standard transmission, with high- strength polypropylene lamps, rear light cluster fittings, and the steering wheel on the right. Langdon was pleased he was not driving. Teabing’s manservant Remy, on orders from his master, was doing an impressive job of maneuvering the vehicle across the moonlit fields behind Chateau Villette. With no headlights, he had crossed an open knoll and was now descending a long slope, moving farther away from the estate. He seemed to be heading toward a jagged silhouette of wooded land in the distance. Langdon, cradling the keystone, turned in the passenger seat and eyed Teabing and Sophie in the back seat. â€Å"How’s your head, Robert?† Sophie asked, sounding concerned. Langdon forced a pained smile. â€Å"Better, thanks.† It was killing him. Beside her, Teabing glanced over his shoulder at the bound and gagged monk lying in the cramped luggage area behind the back seat. Teabing had the monk’s gun on his lap and looked like an old photo of a British safari chap posing over his kill. â€Å"So glad you popped in this evening, Robert,† Teabing said, grinning as if he were having fun for the first time in years. â€Å"Sorry to get you involved in this, Leigh.† â€Å"Oh, please, I’ve waited my entire life to be involved.† Teabing looked past Langdon out the windshield at the shadow of a long hedgerow. He tapped Remy on the shoulder from behind.† Remember, no brake lights. Use the emergency brake if you need it. I want to get into the woods a bit. No reason to risk them seeing us from the house.† Remy coasted to a crawl and guided the Range Rover through an opening in the hedge. As the vehicle lurched onto an overgrown pathway, almost immediately the trees overhead blotted out the moonlight. I can’t see a thing, Langdon thought, straining to distinguish any shapes at all in front of them. It was pitch black. Branches rubbed against the left side of the vehicle, and Remy corrected in the other direction. Keeping the wheel more or less straight now, he inched ahead about thirty yards. â€Å"You’re doing beautifully, Remy,† Teabing said. â€Å"That should be far enough. Robert, if you could press that little blue button just below the vent there. See it?† Langdon found the button and pressed it. A muted yellow glow fanned out across the path in front of them, revealing thick underbrush on either side of the pathway. Fog lights, Langdon realized. They gave off just enough light to keep them on the path, and yet they were deep enough into the woods now that the lights would not give them away. â€Å"Well, Remy,† Teabing chimed happily. â€Å"The lights are on. Our lives are in your hands.† â€Å"Where are we going?† Sophie asked.† This trail continues about three kilometers into the forest,† Teabing said. â€Å"Cutting across the estate and then arching north. Provided we don’t hit any standing water or fallen trees, we shall emerge unscathed on the shoulder of highway five.† Unscathed.Langdon’s head begged to differ. He turned his eyes down to his own lap, where the keystone was safely stowed in its wooden box. The inlaid Rose on the lid was back in place, and although his head felt muddled, Langdon was eager to remove the inlay again and examine the engraving beneath more closely. He unlatched the lid and began to raise it when Teabing laid a hand on his shoulder from behind. â€Å"Patience, Robert,† Teabing said. â€Å"It’s bumpy and dark. God save us if we break anything. If you didn’t recognize the language in the light, you won’t do any better in the dark. Let’s focus on getting away in one piece, shall we? There will be time for that very soon.† Langdon knew Teabing was right. With a nod, he relatched the box. The monk in back was moaning now, struggling against his trusses. Suddenly, he began kicking wildly. Teabing spun around and aimed the pistol over the seat. â€Å"I can’t imagine your complaint, sir. You trespassed in my home and planted a nasty welt on the skull of a dear friend. I would be well within my rights to shoot you right now and leave you to rot in the woods.† The monk fell silent.† Are you sure we should have brought him?† Langdon asked. â€Å"Bloody well positive!† Teabing exclaimed. â€Å"You’re wanted for murder, Robert. This scoundrel is your ticket to freedom. The police apparently want you badly enough to have tailed you to my home.† â€Å"My fault,† Sophie said. â€Å"The armored car probably had a transmitter.† â€Å"Not the point,† Teabing said. â€Å"I’m not surprised the police found you, but I am surprised that this Opus Dei character found you. From all you’ve told me, I can’t imagine how this man could have tailed you to my home unless he had a contact either within the Judicial Police or within the Zurich Depository.† Langdon considered it. Bezu Fache certainly seemed intent on finding a scapegoat for tonight’s murders. And Vernet had turned on them rather suddenly, although considering Langdon was being charged with four murders, the banker’s change of heart seemed understandable. â€Å"This monk is not working alone, Robert,† Teabing said,† and until you learn who is behind all this, you both are in danger. The good news, my friend, is that you are now in the position of power. This monster behind me holds that information, and whoever is pulling his strings has got to be quite nervous right now.† Remy was picking up speed, getting comfortable with the trail. They splashed through some water, climbed a small rise, and began descending again. â€Å"Robert, could you be so kind as to hand me that phone?† Teabing pointed to the car phone on the dash. Langdon handed it back, and Teabing dialed a number. He waited for a very long time before someone answered. â€Å"Richard? Did I wake you? Of course, I did. Silly question. I’m sorry. I have a small problem. I’m feeling a bit off. Remy and I need to pop up to the Isles for my treatments. Well, right away, actually. Sorry for the short notice. Can you have Elizabeth ready in about twenty minutes? I know, do the best you can. See you shortly.† He hung up. â€Å"Elizabeth?† Langdon said. â€Å"My plane. She cost me a Queen’s ransom.† Langdon turned full around and looked at him.† What?† Teabing demanded. â€Å"You two can’t expect to stay in France with the entire Judicial Police after you. London will be much safer.† Sophie had turned to Teabing as well. â€Å"You think we should leave the country?† â€Å"My friends, I am far more influential in the civilized world than here in France. Furthermore, the Grail is believed to be in Great Britain. If we unlock the keystone, I am certain we will discover a map that indicates we have moved in the proper direction.† â€Å"You’re running a big risk,† Sophie said,† by helping us. You won’t make any friends with the French police.† Teabing gave a wave of disgust. â€Å"I am finished with France. I moved here to find the keystone. That work is now done. I shan’t care if I ever again see Chateau Villette.† Sophie sounded uncertain. â€Å"How will we get through airport security?† Teabing chuckled. â€Å"I fly from Le Bourget – an executive airfield not far from here. French doctors make me nervous, so every fortnight, I fly north to take my treatments in England. I pay for certain special privileges at both ends. Once we’re airborne, you can make a decision as to whether or not you’d like someone from the U. S. Embassy to meet us.† Langdon suddenly didn’t want anything to do with the embassy. All he could think of was the keystone, the inscription, and whether it would all lead to the Grail. He wondered if Teabing was right about Britain. Admittedly most modern legends placed the Grail somewhere in the United Kingdom. Even King Arthur’s mythical, Grail-rich Isle of Avalon was now believed to be none other than Glastonbury, England. Wherever the Grail lay, Langdon never imagined he would actually be looking for it. The Sangreal documents.The true history of Jesus Christ.The tomb of Mary Magdalene.He suddenly felt as if he were living in some kind of limbo tonight†¦ a bubble where the real world could not reach him. â€Å"Sir?† Remy said. â€Å"Are you truly thinking of returning to England for good?† â€Å"Remy, you needn’t worry,† Teabing assured. â€Å"Just because I am returning to the Queen’s realm does not mean I intend to subject my palate to bangers and mash for the rest of my days. I expect you will join me there permanently. I’m planning to buy a splendid villa in Devonshire, and we’ll have all your things shipped up immediately. An adventure, Remy. I say, an adventure!† Langdon had to smile. As Teabing railed on about his plans for a triumphant return to Britain, Langdon felt himself caught up in the man’s infectious enthusiasm. Gazing absently out the window, Langdon watched the woods passing by, ghostly pale in the yellow blush of the fog lights. The side mirror was tipped inward, brushed askew by branches, and Langdon saw the reflection of Sophie sitting quietly in the back seat. He watched her for a long while and felt an unexpected upwelling of contentment. Despite his troubles tonight, Langdon was thankful to have landed in such good company. After several minutes, as if suddenly sensing his eyes on her, Sophie leaned forward and put her hands on his shoulders, giving him a quick rub. â€Å"You okay?† â€Å"Yeah,† Langdon said. â€Å"Somehow.† Sophie sat back in her seat, and Langdon saw a quiet smile cross her lips. He realized that he too was now grinning. Wedged in the back of the Range Rover, Silas could barely breathe. His arms were wrenched backward and heavily lashed to his ankles with kitchen twine and duct tape. Every bump in the road sent pain shooting through his twisted shoulders. At least his captors had removed the cilice. Unable to inhale through the strip of tape over his mouth, he could only breathe through his nostrils, which were slowly clogging up due to the dusty rear cargo area into which he had been crammed. He began coughing. â€Å"I think he’s choking,† the French driver said, sounding concerned. The British man who had struck Silas with his crutch now turned and peered over the seat, frowning coldly at Silas. â€Å"Fortunately for you, we British judge man’s civility not by his compassion for his friends, but by his compassion for his enemies.† The Brit reached down and grabbed the duct tape on Silas’s mouth. In one fast motion, he tore it off. Silas felt as if his lips had just caught fire, but the air pouring into his lungs was sent from God. â€Å"Whom do you work for?† the British man demanded.† I do the work of God,† Silas spat back through the pain in his jaw where the woman had kicked him. â€Å"You belong to Opus Dei,† the man said. It was not a question. â€Å"You know nothing of who I am.† â€Å"Why does Opus Dei want the keystone?† Silas had no intention of answering. The keystone was the link to the Holy Grail, and the Holy Grail was the key to protecting the faith. I do the work of God. The Way is in peril. Now, in the Range Rover, struggling against his bonds, Silas feared he had failed the Teacher and the bishop forever. He had no way even to contact them and tell them the terrible turn of events. My captors have the keystone! They will reach the Grail before we do! In the stifling darkness, Silas prayed. He let the pain of his body fuel his supplications. A miracle, Lord.I need a miracle.Silas had no way of knowing that hours from now, he would get one. â€Å"Robert?† Sophie was still watching him. â€Å"A funny look just crossed your face.† Langdon glanced back at her, realizing his jaw was firmly set and his heart was racing. An incredible notion had just occurred to him. Could it really be that simple an explanation?† I need to use your cell phone, Sophie.† â€Å"Now?† â€Å"I think I just figured something out.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"I’ll tell you in a minute. I need your phone.† Sophie looked wary. â€Å"I doubt Fache is tracing, but keep it under a minute just in case.† She gave him her phone. â€Å"How do I dial the States?† â€Å"You need to reverse the charges. My service doesn’t cover transatlantic.† Langdon dialed zero, knowing that the next sixty seconds might answer a question that had been puzzling him all night. How to cite The Da Vinci Code Chapter 63-67, Essay examples