Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in the Infrared Range

Nonlinear Optical Phenomena in the Infrared Range Various aspects of nonlinear optical phenomena in the infrared range Yu Qin Nonlinear optics is a branch of optics, which describes the behavior of light in nonlinear media, where the dielectric polarization P responses nonlinearly to the electric field of the light E. This is a very broad concept. In this thesis, we focus our study on three aspects of nonlinear optical phenomena in the infrared wavelength range: the characterization of a mid-infrared ultrashort laser by autocorrelation based on Second Harmonic Generation (SHG), the influence of the beam mode on the interaction between laser and media during nonlinear propagation of femtosecond near-infrared pulses in liquid, and the dynamics of the ablation of solid samples submerged in liquid using a long nanosecond near-infrared laser. Many energy levels of molecules and lattice vibrations are in mid-infrared wavelength range of 2.5-25 Â µm. For this reason, this wavelength range is called chemical fingerprint zone. Infrared absorption spectroscopy using light source in this wavelength range has been widely used identify different covalent bonds in many kinds of samples. Besides, by irradiation of an intense and short laser pulse whose wavelength is tuned to the resonance, a specific molecular band absorbs the pulse energy, and specific chemical reaction is excited. For this reason, tunable mid-infrared ultrafast lasers have a lot of potential applications in energy and material science, i.e., the production of alcohol or hydrogen from H2O and CO2, and the development of next-generation solar cells. Kyoto University Free-electron Laser (KU-FEL) is an oscillator-type free-electron laser, which works in the mid-infrared wavelength range of 5-13 Â µm. In temporal domain, the pulses from KU-FEL have a dual-pulse structure. In a macropulse with the duration of a few microseconds, thousands of micropulses sit with the interval of 350 ps between each other. Due to its special lasing dynamics, the wavelength instability of this kind of Free-Electron Laser (FEL) is relatively worse compared with optical lasers, i.e., at the working wavelength of 12 Â µm, this instability is around hundreds of Gigahertzes, which is comparable to the bandwidth of the vibrational modes. For those potential applications in which resonances are involved, stabilization of the wavelength of KU-FEL is necessary. And before that, we should first know the amount of wavelength instability. Besides, similar to all other ultrashort pulse lasers, micropulse duration of KU-FEL is very important information for applic ations such as nonlinear optics. For these purposes, in this thesis, we report the measurements of both the duration and wavelength instability of KU-FEL micropulses using the technique of Fringe-Resolved AutoCorrelation (FRAC). For temporal characterization of ultrashort pulses, standard techniques such as Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) and Spectral Phase Interferometry for Direct Electric-field Reconstruction (SPIDER) are invented more than ten years ago, which can give a single-shot measure for both the amplitude and the phase of the electric field, even for the pulses with the durations down to few cycle. Both FROG and SPIDER are spectrum-resolved measurement, for which the 2D array detector (CCD) is required to measure the single-shot spectrum. However, such kind of detectors for the mid-infrared wavelength range is very expensive, and not available in our institute. Under this condition, we perform an autocorrelation measurement of KU-FEL, and try to find the information about pulse duration and wavelength instability for the results. Autocorrelation is a kind of well-known technique, which is invented more than thirty years ago. It is usually used for a rough estimation of the pulse duration of ultrashort laser pulses. In this thesis, by a systematic study of the influence of the wavelength instability on the signal of FRAC measurement, we first propose a method of measuring the wavelength instability of micropulses of an oscillator-type FEL by FRAC. Besides, we find that, by integrating the FRAC over the delay time, we can measure the duration of an ultrafast pulse, without knowing the chirps in advance. To the best of our knowledge, this finding has not been reported anywhere else, and it can save us from an additional Intensity AutoCorrelation (IAC) measurement. Both of the above mentioned methods work well when applied to an FRAC measurement of KU-FEL at the wavelength of 12 Â µm. The durations and the wavelength instability of the microoulses are measured to be ~0.6 ps and 1.3%. This technique can be also applied for characterization of ultrashort pulses at other wavelengths, where 2D array detectors are not easily available, i.e., for the extreme-ultraviolet case. Since our autocorrelation measurement is based on SHG, which is a second order nonlinear process, good focusablity of the laser beam is required to reach the high intensity at the focus position. To test the focusibility of the KU-FEL, a measurement of M2 factor of KU-FEL is carried out by the 2D knife-edge method before the autocorrelation measurement. The most convenient way to measure the M2 factor of a laser is to measure the beam profile at different distances from the focus by a beam profiler, and analyze the results. The reason why we choose the old-fashioned knife-edge method is still the lack of 2D array detector in this wavelength range. The beam profiles at different distances from the focus are reconstructed from the results of knife-edge scanning in both horizontal and vertical directions. During the data analysis, the beam of KU-FEL is found to have the non-Gaussian beam profile. As a result, the analytical methods developed for Gaussian beams under the knife-edge measu rement do not work for our case. Taken the non-Gaussian property of the beam into consideration, some special and original treatments are taken during the data analysis. With the development of the Ti:sapphire laser and the chirped pulse amplification (CPA) system, high power at the order of Terawatt becomes available at the wavelength of around 800 nm. This has attracted a lot of interests on the studies of nonlinear optics, such as the generations of attosecond pulses, Terahertz radiations, high order harmonics, and supercontinuum spectra. From the beginning of this century, the filamentation induced by femtosecond pulses during propagation in nonlinear media has been a hot topic. During the nonlinear propagation of femtosecond pulses, due to the balance between self-focusing, plasma defocusing, and nonlinear loss, the intense part of the laser beam collapses to a spot with very small diameter, which can propagate for a distance much longer than the Rayleigh length. This phenomenon is called filamentation. Because of the long focal depth of the filamentation, it has many applications such as laser machining, Laser Imaging, Detection and Ranging (LA DAR), and long distance Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy. Besides, strong spectral broadening occurs during filamentation, and the coherent white light is generated at the central part of the beam. This effect is widely used for pulse compression. And for the reason of high time resolution, this coherent white light also serves as a good light source in spectroscopy. Most of the studies about filamentation have used Gaussian beams as the incident beams. Recently, the axicon lens has made the generation of Bessel beam much easier. Many groups have focused their studies on the filamentation induced by Bessel beams. Compared with Gaussian beams, Bessel beams keep the high on-axis intensity for even longer propagation distance, thus can produce longer filamentation. We perform a comparison study of filamentations generated by Gaussian and Bessel beams. Since the pulses we can use are splitted from a CPA system, which contain the energy of 200 Â µJ, we choose the liquid as the nonlinear media. Compared with gaseous media, liquid has much larger nonlinear coefficient, so that the nonlinear effect can be observed at much lower incident power, and in a much shorter propagation range. Besides, unlike solid media, we can use the liquid sample for long time during experiment, without worrying about the laser-induced damage. During this experiment, we have confirmed the resistance of Self Phase Modulation during the propagation of Bessel beam, which is also reported in some papers by other groups. The experimental results and qualitative explanations are reported in this thesis. When an intense laser pulse is focused on the material, plasma is generated. During this process, small portion of the material to be analyzed gets atomized and excited, and emits light. By collecting and analyzing the spectra of the emitted light, we can detect the constituents of the material, or even the relative abundance of each constituent element. This technique is called Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). Compared with other similar techniques, LIBS has many advantages, i.e., in principle, it can detect all elements, and can analyze any matter regardless of its physical state, be it solid, liquid or gas. Since during a single shot in the LIBS measurement, the mass of the ablated material is in the range of picogram to nanogram, the LIBS is considered to be non-destructive. Another important advantage of LIBS is the easiness of the sample preparation. For most of the cases, the sample does not require any treatment before LIBS measurement. For this reason, LIBS can be applied for in-situ multi-elemental analysis. And due to its fast analysis time, LIBS can be used for a realtime composition measurement. Nd:YAG laser at fundamental wavelength (1064 nm) is most often used during LIBS experiments. It has several advantages, i.e., the scattered laser light does not influence the measurement of the visible spectra, and compared with shorter wavelength, laser at this wavelength has better heating effect on the laser-induced plasma. Compared with LIBS of solid sample in gaseous media, LIBS of solid sample under liquid is more complicated. In such condition, if the single nanosecond pulse is used for ablation, the measured spectra are always deformed and broadened, which is due to the strong confinement of plasma plume in liquid environment. One solution of this problem is to use the double pulses LIBS, during which the first pulse can generate a bubble near the surface of the sample, in which the plasma produced by the second pulse can expand. Another solution is to use the long nanosecond pulses, which have the durations of more than 100 ns. During long pulse LIBS, the diameter of the laser-induced bubble can reach hundreds of micrometers at the trailing part of the pulse, which provides a space with low density for the plasma plume to grow. Compared with the double pulses LIBS, the advantage of the long pulse LIBS is that, it can be applied for the measurement under very high pressure. However, if the double p ulses LIBS is applied under such condition, the bubble generated by the first pulse can not grow to a size large enough for the plasma plume generated by the second pulse to expand inside. And as a result, the double pulses LIBS loses its advantage. In this thesis, we report our experimental study of long pulse LIBS of solid samples under liquid. Two experiments are included. The first one is to optimize the laser focus position, and the second one is to study the influence of solvent temperature on the ablation dynamics. The results of these experiments can help us better understand the dynamics of ablation during long pulse LIBS of solid sample submerged into liquid.

On Drama Translation Essay

Like their contemporary prose translators who were introducing Western fiction to China, budding dramatists were enthusiastic about bringing Western plays to the Chinese stage. The first play was staged in Japan from an adaptation of Lin Shu’s translation of Uncle Tom’s Cabin. A Chinese student in Japan named Li Shutong adapted the script. The play was put on by members of the Chun Liu (Spring Willow) Drama Society. Their performance marked a complete break from traditional theatrical practices. After the May 4th Movement, complete translations of plays were published and used in productions. Many established writers began to try their hand at writing scripts for the stage. Also in the introduction of foreign masterpieces, a lot of famous translators were produced. If we have a try at drama, we can find it very difficult, more difficult than the translation of novels. Actually, drama is very different from novel. And drama translation must be done in a much different way. First, drama scripts are written for stage performance. So the translated scripts must be suitable for the audience. But poems, prose and novels are written for reading. Though sometimes foreign scripts are produced only for reading, there are seldom the cases. Also the foreign playwrights would be against that. Second, drama performance is a comprehensive ways of acting. It is an audio-visual art, which needs lighting, stage properties, and sound effects. The lines by the actors contribute a great deal to the success of the play. The audience relies heavily on the lines of the play. Most of them are ordinary people, but not erudite scholars. The actors usually don’t repeat the words except for the sake of laying stress. If the lines are too obscure, the audience will get confused as a play goes on without a stop. Third, there aren’t any annotations in a stage performance. In a novel, the hidden intention of the characters, the natural and social background, cause and effect of the subtle changes of the emotions can be stated by the narrator. So the readers can grasp the whole text and better understand it. But in a play performance, the audience get information only from the lines of the characters. Further more, foreign playwrights often use puns or allusions in a play. It is really difficult to translate them in simple language due to the cultural differences. For example, an allusion in the original play may be very appropriate and enlightening. But a literal translation of it may  cause great trouble to the Chinese. And an annotation for the allusion is not feasible because in stage performance, an actor can’t speak the annotation. He can only use sign language, stage properties to imply it. So drama translation sets higher standards for the translations. So the above-mentioned three characters of drama require a popular and simple language of the translation. For example, in the revised version of the translation by Yang xianyi of Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw, the translator adds some words, delegate some to make the second version simpler in diction and structure. Example 1: The Mother: (to Clara) Give it to me. (Clara parts reluctantly) Now (to the girl) this is for your flowers. (Act I) [First version] ( ) ( )( ) ? , [1](P. 9) [Second version] ( ) ( )( ) ? , [2](P. 462) In the first version, the translated sentence â€Å" †seems more faithful and close to the original text. But it is awkward sounding. But the revised version is easier for pronunciation and causes no cause in understanding: in the text, the money is surely the compensation for the flower but not other things. Example 2: Algernon: Ah! That must be Aunt Augusta. Only relatives, or creditors, ever ring in that Wagnrian manner. This is from the Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde, a line by Algergon, when he hears the rings of the bell. Wagner refers to a famous German playwright Richard Wagner who is famous for his sublime style. A literal translation of it will cause great trouble for the Chinese because they don’t know Wagner, let alone his style. But Yu guangzhang translates it as â€Å" , †. [3](p. 129)The phrase â€Å" †is sonorous and a little bit exaggerating. But it is so vivid that it presents an arrogant aristocratic woman to us. Example 3: Hamlet: Look here upon this picture, and on this, The counterfeit presentment of two brothers. See what a grace was seated on this brow: Hyperion’s curls, the front of Jove himself, An eye like Mars, to threaten and command, A station like the herald Mercury New lighted on a [ heaven] kissing hill, a combination and a form indeed, Where every god did seem to set his seal To give the world assurance of a man. This is your husband. ( The Tragedy of Hamlet, Act III, scene IV) [Liang shiqiu’ version] : , , , ; ; ; , ; , ; , , : [4] In this paragraph, the Gods Hyperion, Jove, Mars, Mercury are not familiar to the Chinese audience. They may be confused by a transliteration. Though Liang shiqiu uses annotations that will not help much. The audience cannot have a script while watching. But Zhu shenghao is more tactful in his translation. [Zhu shenghao’ version] : , , : ; , , ; , , [5] In this version, Zhu shenghao avoids the transliteration of unfamiliar names. Instead he grasps their symbols and personal traits. So the audience could follow the play more easily though they don’t remember the specific names of these characters. Since drama is mainly written for stage performance, it is different from novels, prose and poems. We can read novels slowly and casually. If we can’t understand some part of it, we can reread it and ponder on it. A first reading of a novel may mean nothing to you. As we read it time and again, we can dig deeper and deeper into it. But in drama performance,â€Å" its purpose is to bring about sudden upheavals of the highest moral nature. †[6](p. 44)So drama language should not only be simple and understandable, but also must vividly demonstrate the personalities of the characters in a specific historical period. To avoid the stereotype, the translator must pay much attention to the roles of the characters in relation to others. The tones, intonation and diction of the characters should also be noticed. Example 4 The BYSTANDERS GENERALLY (demonstrating against police espionage) Course they could. What business is it of yours? You mind your own affairs. He wants promotion, he does. Taking down people’s words! Girl never said a word to him. What harm if she did? Nice thing a girl can’t shelter from the rain without being insulted, ect. , ect, (Act I) [first version] ( )!! , , , [7](p. 17) [second version] ( )!!! , , , [8] (p. 465) The second version of the translation adds the exclamation â€Å" †. It can vividly show the questioning tone of the bystanders. If the actors tactfully express it on the stage, which will draw the sympathy from the audience toward the protagonist. Another example of the flexible translation can be shown in â€Å"Romeo and Julie† Friar Laurence: Here comes the lady;/ O, so light a foot /Will never wear out the everlasting flint; / A lover may bestride the gossamers/ That idles in the wanton summer air, / And yet not fall: so light is vanity. [Cao yu’s version] : ,? , , , , [9] [Zhu shenghao’s version] : , , ; , ,. [10] The second version of the dialogue is better. In the first version, the last sentence â€Å" , †is obscure. The second version of this sentenceâ€Å" † can fit in well with the profession of Fiar Laurence. It vividly depicts a priest who is greatly concerned about the properties of the church and is devoted to his work. Another important aspect of drama is the scene of movement. In drama performance, the movement of actors will cause conflicts. The conflicts will push forward the development of the story. Then the audience will be interested and follow the show. So the actor must act on their personalities, intentions and run into conflicts with each other. And language should show the kind of movement. In Thunderstorm by Cao yu, the fierce contradiction between labor and capital can be read in the dialogues. So the language is full of movements. For example: : ,! ,! —— Hai: You drowned two thousand two hundred coolies in cold blood, and for each life lost you raked in three hundred dollars! I tell you, creature, you’ve made your money by killing people, and you and your sons stand accursed forever! And now on top of that you—— [11](p. 492) Literally, the word â€Å" †is just calling the name of Zhou puyuan in an impolite way. But its translation shows the sharp opposition between him and Zhou puyuan. Also it hints that Hai will retaliate on Zhou. So it is full of movements. In the Importance of being Earnest, Yu guangzhong is also good at showing the movements in the language. For example: Algernon: how are you, my dear Ernest? What brings you up to town? Jack: Oh, pleasure; pleasure! What else should bring one anywhere? Yu guangzhong translates it as â€Å"? ,! , †[12](p.126)Yu knows that Jack is a dandyish play boy. In the play, he just comes to Algernon for fun. The translation is far better than â€Å" †. and will agree with his proposal to Miss Bracknell. Finally, dramatic language should be refined and full of emotions. Without poetic sentiment, dialogues are half-dead. [13] The language of drama should have rhythm, be rich in meaning and full of unspoken words. In the dramas by Ibsen, Shakespeare, and Caoyu, we can feel the strong emotions and mellowness of their language. For example, in Caoyu’s translation of Romeo and Julie, we are overwhelmed by his coruscating wit. Julie: Since arm from arm that voice doth us affray,/ Hunting thee hence with hunt’s-up to the day. [Cao’ version] , [14] In the original language, the word â€Å"affray† rhymes with â€Å"day†. So the sentence can be read fluently. Cao is clever enough to end each clause with â€Å"? † and â€Å"? †, so they still rhyme with each other. Also the rhythm and appeal are attained. Another example of the poetical emotions can be shown in Yang xianyi’s translation of Quyuan by Guo moruo. â€Å" , ,! , , ,! , ,?! ,?! ,?! , , ,! † [Cao’s version]

“Look, stranger, at this island now” by W.H. Auden Essay

This poem us a â€Å"musical† exercise in which the poet reveals his technical skill by using sound techniques and figurative language to reinforce his description of a scene. It is one of Auden’s few poems of natural description, perhaps of the coast in the West Country of England. The first stanza requires the stranger – someone unfamiliar with the island of kingdom of Britain but perhaps acquainted with the stereotype of it as a dull and gloomy place – to look at, and re-examine his prejudice about, Britain, as it is revealed (â€Å"discovered†) for his enjoyment by the sunlight dancing and flickering on the waves of the sea. The alliteration and consonance of -l- sounds (leaping, light, delight) and of the dental -t- and -d- sounds (light, delight, discovers) in the second line, and the variation of long vowel sounds in â€Å"leaping† and â€Å"light†, together with the repetition of â€Å"light†, creates a quick dancing effect which mimics the reflection of sunlight off waves. In two more commands the narrator requires the stranger to stand and remain quiet so that he can hear the sound of the sea, varying in volume, perhaps according to the fixity required, while the pattern of stresses on â€Å"wander† and â€Å"river†, in the penultimate line, and on â€Å"swaying sound of the sea†, in the last line, combined with the sibilance, conveys an idea of the changing volume of sound coming from the sea, and the continued whispering sound that it makes. The second stanza invites the stranger to wait at the point where a small field ends in a chalk cliff, which drops to a shingle beach below. The waves surge up the beach until they are halted by the cliff. The assonance of the long -au- vowel sound in â€Å"small† and â€Å"pause† in the first line, which concludes with the command to pause, gives the impression of something long ending suddenly, which creates a feeling of suspense and uncertainty as to what comes next and suggests the ending of the land and the beginning of the air. The same assonance in â€Å"chalk†, â€Å"walls†, â€Å"falls† and â€Å"tall† creates the same sense of extension but its quick repetition in â€Å"chalk wall falls†Ã‚  conveys the notion of a rapid or sheer drop, the alliteration of -f- conveying the notion of air bubbling up in foam. The onomatopoeic â€Å"pluck† and â€Å"knock† vividly conveys the dragging and pounding effect of the waves on the shingle and the cliff, the sturdy defiance of the last-named being suggested in the metaphor â€Å"oppose†. The metaphor and onomatopoeia in â€Å"scrambles†, with its clutter of consonants, again vividly conveys the quick sliding descent of the shingle down the beach, the sibilance re-creating the sound it makes, while the metaphor in â€Å"sucking†, together with the break in the word, gives some idea of the powerful pulling action of the ebbing waves. Again, the description of the gull and the placing of â€Å"lodges† at the end of the line creates a sense of suspension which emphasizes the difficulty of maintaining a perch on the wave and hints at the brevity of the stay. The third stanza takes us further out to sea and describes the ships which leave the port (â€Å"diverge†), and which seem, because of their diminutive size, as small as seeds. The simile â€Å"like floating seeds† suggests they are bearing new life. They are so far away that they do not seem to be controlled by men (â€Å"voluntary†) though they are on â€Å"errands† (which diminishes the importance of their journeys) which are â€Å"urgent† (these words imply that those who direct these vessels have an exaggerated idea of the importance or value of these journeys). The rhyming of â€Å"diverge† and â€Å"urgent† creates a sense of the ploughing movement of the ship as it passes through the water. The last four lines of this stanza return to the start of the poem and suggest that the whole scene may continue to live in the memory of the observer, passing as silently and casually and beautifully as the clouds reflected in the water of the harbour pass, like people strolling at leisure. Here, the alliteration and consonance of the soft -m- sounds in â€Å"memory†, â€Å"mirror† and â€Å"summer†, and the half-rhymes of â€Å"mirror† â€Å"summer† and â€Å"saunter† all convey a sense of gentle and relaxed ease, appropriate for scenes which are recalled in moments of leisure. The poem, then, invites the stranger to see for himself the beauty of this  island at this special moment in time. Although it suggests a need to re-examine old prejudices about the island kingdom, it also functions as a celebration of the senses of sight and hearing which are used in observing the scene and in re-living the experience. It is written in three stanzas of seven lines. The rhyme scheme of the first stanza is abcdcbd. The line lengths are varied effectively, to suggest changes in the movement of waves or in the duration of a sound or a feeling. Run-on or end-stopped likes are used effectively to convey similar ideas or impressions.

Due To The Extensive Amount Of Harm That Photo Manipulation

Due to the extensive amount of harm that photo manipulation causes, it is an ethical issue. Digital photo manipulation in women causes widespread harm, long-lasting damage to women s self-esteem and other negative psychological thought processes. Research has also found that it causes a large number of eating disorders. It does this by making women chase the ideal, thin body image that is being portrayed in the different pictures and advertisements. There was a study done that examined both the thin-ideal and body classification. Results from this showed that viewing the thin-ideal lead to a higher level of body dissatisfaction (Whyte, Newman, Voss, 2016). Thereby this issue diminishes the autonomy of the viewers, uses models as a†¦show more content†¦A false idea of what one actually looks like is being portrayed within the photograph. They are providing the viewers with an inaccurate and unreliable picture. It is also important to know who the parties involved in this iss ue are. The company that decides to alter the image is first handedly involved in this matter. The model that is posing for the shot, which in this case are the women that are being altered, are also involved. Lastly, the viewers of the photograph, which includes all of society and their target audience of females are involved as well. Knowing the relevant laws when analyzing this issue is crucial as well. Given that the First Amendment grants people with the freedom of speech, these companies are allowed freedom of press as well. This allows the companies to do what they want with the images they have. They are allowed to advertise for their company however they choose, regardless of outside opinions on their methods. They can send whatever message, whether indirect or not to their audience without any restrictions. However there are some company policies that these businesses try to follow. First and foremost they try to market however they think will get them or their product the most attention. They do this at the cost of unethical photo manipulation. Some different companies such as Dove and Aerie have spoken out against this issue and have started campaigns of their own in response to it. TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Silent Spring - Rachel Carson30092 Words   |  121 PagesWorld War II led to the discovery o f substances that were lethal to insects. Whereas pre-war insecticides were simple compounds of naturally occurring minerals, the new synthetic pesticides are organic substances that have been carefully created by manipulation of molecules and atoms. Because they are organic, they can easily poison intended and unintended targets and become part of the bodily processes of numerous creatures. These substances work to stop the bodys natural functions; some of them mayRead MoreIbsen11859 Words   |  48 Pagescharacter questions Nora’s use of money: â€Å"Bought, you say? 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Leadership Styles Of The Workplace - 1166 Words

Work environments, at some point, are hectic, stressful, constantly changing and multifaceted. Leadership is the ability to influence others in order to attain goals (Lamberton Minor, 2014). Leaders in the workplace must take responsibility to ensure they do the right things. Leaders typically possess characteristics such as enthusiasm, dominance, emotional stability, self-assurance, and conscientiousness. They have a strong sense of ethics and work hard in order to build integrity in their workplace (U.S. Small Business Administration [SBA], n.d.). Although leaders have some of the same characteristics in common, they interact differently with others. It helps to know that leaders use different methods of interacting with those they lead. These styles include autocratic, consultative, participative, and free-reign. The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast these leadership styles, discuss which style most resembles my leadership style, and how this style relates to my pr ofession as a nurse. Leadership Styles The first leadership style is autocratic. Autocratic leaders are the ones in charge. This leadership style is one of power and authority. Group situations or settings do not work well, as the autocratic leader feels other opinions do not matter. Others in the workplace do not have a say in what happens and have little or no freedom to agree or disagree (Lamberton Minor, 2014). Autocratic leaders tend to make decisions in a way that dictators do, byShow MoreRelatedLeadership Style Of The Workplace832 Words   |  4 Pagesone unit. She is very knowledgeable about every position that is currently at her hotel, so in case of emergencies she can help out and be effective. I know this leader from a previous work opportunity where she was also a front desk manager. Leadership Style Based on C.O.A.T, I believe her to be a most effective communicator and advising her employees to better themselves with the company. She is an effective communicator because she isn’t afraid to say what needs to be done and she’s also not afraidRead MoreLeadership Styles During The Workplace761 Words   |  4 Pages Different leadership styles result in various results in the workplace. The Fiedler contingency model postulates a leader’s style is static; however, God can transform anyone’s heart and thus their leadership style. Additionally, the grapevine can be an important tool for employers. As long as each individual chooses to use gossip for honorable purposes, God will bless the workplace. ORIGINAL POST Read MoreLeadership Styles Of Hostile Workplace1458 Words   |  6 Pages Leadership Styles in Hostile Workplaces in the Military The military organization is susceptible to bullying in the workplace and hostile work environments due to the inherent nature of the military structure. Different leadership styles can be used to combat bullying and hostile work environments and minimize their effects. Some leadership styles further contribute to problem. Furthermore leadership styles that are helpful in one situation may contribute to problems in a different situationRead MoreMy Leadership Style Of The Workplace1541 Words   |  7 PagesMy Leadership Style in the Workplace What is leadership? There are endless variations of the definition of the term, however, the one that I agree most with as defined by Ledlow and Coppola. Leadership is the ability to assess, develop, maintain, and change the organizational culture to meet the needs and the expectations of the external environment. There are many great leaders today that anyone can name off in an instant. We all try to be leaders in some part of our lives whether it be at homeRead MoreLeadership Styles Within The Workplace1511 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizations large and small have different leadership styles within. Some of them are very laidback and others follow company manuals to the â€Å"T†. The purpose of leadership is to create and promote change, and that people involved in leadership are not just the subject of change but also the driving force behind it (DeGrosky, 2012). A leader must understand the goals and objectives of a company and do everything in their power to accomplish t hem. An effective way to accomplish this is leadingRead MoreEffective Leadership Styles Within The Workplace1584 Words   |  7 PagesEffective leadership styles Abstract An effective leader influences their employees in a desired manner to achieve goals and objectives. Different leadership styles can affect an organization’s effectiveness and performance. The objective of this paper is to analyze the review of literature on various leadership styles over the past years and how effective and ineffective different leadership styles are in the workplace. Introduction A leader is defined as a person with responsibility to influenceRead Moresat 2 Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages My Leadership Style Analysis WGU Leadership SAT2 Task 1 My Leadership Style Analysis A1. Leadership Style Evaluation There are many different leadership styles. After reading the assigned chapters for this task. I was able to identify my own leadership style as a result. In order to know my leadership style, I took a series of assessments in order to determine my personal leadership style. Assessments I took that helped me to determine my personal leadership style are: â€Å"theRead MoreEssay about Understanding Leadership1102 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding leadership Learner name: Learner registration number: Note: The ‘lines/box’ below a question is for guidance purposes only. Marks are not deducted for writing more. It is perfectly acceptable for all answers to be continued on additional forms provided they are attached to the assignment when making a submission. The availability of the form electronically allows learners to expand the ‘lines/box’ as required. | UNDERSTAND LEADERSHIP STYLES 1.1 Describe the factors thatRead MoreLeadership Qualities : The Best Laid Business Plan886 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Qualities: The best laid business plan is doomed to fail if the HRM that is charged with implementing it lacks the leadership skills necessary to earn the trust, respect, and ultimately the support for the plan among the operating managers and employees. Establishing a solid leadership concept is detrimental to any organization; if they wish to succeed. Human Resource Managers ability to lead effectively can be based on a number of essential skills. One sought after leadership skill thatRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And Effective And Ineffective Management Strategies1683 Words   |  7 Pagesworkers have reported that they have been affected by workplace bullying, whether they were the target or the witness (2). The nursing profession is no exception to this startling statistic. Both the American Nurses Association (ANA) and The Joint Commission (TJC) have add ressed the need for a positive work environment that is â€Å"free of abusive behavior, such as bullying, hostility, abuse of authority, and reprisal for identifying abuse in the workplace† (8). Bullying in nursing is thought to begin during

Analysis Of The Poem The Stone Of Laughter - 1357 Words

The somber and serious tone of Hoda Barakat’s novel â€Å"The Stone of Laughter† epitomizes in an effective way the depiction of the civil war of Lebanon through the use of a gay male protagonist and a female narrator. Barakat utilizes the image of a despondent war torn country and a man with internal conflicts to create a metaphorical comparison between war and gender identification in order to create a sense of simplicity to a complex issue. The civil war of Lebanon has a monumental influence on the way masculinity is interpreted. The civil war segregates people according to their gender, giving them specific roles to play. Society’s idea is that a man is the embodiment of power and authority and one who actively participates in the war, while the women are passively involved, and restricted to the domestic sphere. Based on the novel, â€Å"The Stone of Laughter†, by Hoda Barakat, masculinity in wartime is associated with men being patriotic and bravely fighting and shedding blood for the sake of their people. On the other hand, it seems as though the women s jobs in wartime is to clean up the disorder caused by the war and mourn the losses of the men. Khalil, a confused character that does not have a mark of gender, lives in his own phantasmagoric world, and possess a sense of femininity personally, and with respect to the war, until he is forced to conform to society s idea of masculinity through a violent and traumatic transformation. It is evident in the beginning of theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem Sharda 2036 Words   |  9 PagesChile on July the 12th 1904. His father was a railroad worker while his mother was a teacher who passed shortly after his birth. Neruda had two half siblings when growing up. Education He attended Temuco Boy’s School, where he published his first poems at the age of 13 under the name Pablo Neruda to the daily La Maà ±ana. This was because Neruda wished to hide his poetry from his father who was not in agreement with Neruda’s dream. Pablo Neruda choose this pseudonym as Jan Neruda (1834-1891) had inspiredRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Inferno And Thomas More s Satirical Dialogue `` Utopia ``1366 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout their stories. There are a plethora of accounts where irony is apparent, including the sceneries, dialogue, and titles that are portrayed in their work. This essay will examine and compare the uses of irony in Dante Alighieri’s narrative poem, Inferno and Thomas More’s satirical dialogue, Utopia. Dante’s Inferno describes distinctive uses of irony through the punishments inflicted on the sinners of God. One example of irony in Dante’s Inferno is when Dante travels through the third circleRead MoreThomas Hardy Poems16083 Words   |  65 Pagesabout my pilgrimage as pain. HAP ANALYSIS Firstly the word hap means that which happens by chance. The poem is a sonnet, although it is presented as three stanzas in that the traditional octave is split into two stanzas each of four lines and the sestet is a stanza on its own. The rhyme scheme is every other line rhymes. The poem reflects an atheist’s philosophy of life and is told from the point of view of a young man. The major themes in the poem are faith, and suffering. The speakerRead MoreConfucianism in Journey to the West31834 Words   |  128 PagesUniversity of Leiden 14 June 2012 Department: Language and Culture of China Course: Visual Political Communication (BA3) Semester: Summer Semester 2011/2012 Lecturer: Florian Schneider Journey to the West A Textual-Visual Discourse Analysis Name: Stefan Ruijsch (Student No. 0620203) Major: Chinese Studies, BA 3 E-mail: s.ruijsch@umail.leidenuniv.nl Phone: 06-48369645 Address: Vrijheidslaan 256, 2321 DP Leiden Word Count: 9,387 Table of Contents pageRead MoreCreativity in Advertising15483 Words   |  62 Pagesadvertising campaign. In this case, a joint meeting of executives of the company and advertising agency is arranged to review the present marketing position of the company, with reference to: * The product. * The Consumers. * The Market Analysis. * The Competitive situation. In addition, special marketing problems faced by the company will be reviewed. This type of joint study prepares faced background for planning advertising campaign which is likely to give promising results. DetailedRead MoreThe Epithet in the Novel Jane Eyre18849 Words   |  76 Pagesaim. In our research we would like to concentrate our attention on â€Å"epithet†, a figure of speech which gives the opportunity to create the most expressive and vivid images. Despite the fact that there are many works devoted to the problem under analysis some important aspects such as structural - the lexical stylistic device the epithet as its component have not been fully investigated. This defines the actuality of the work and its theoretical value. The basic purpose of this course-paper is formulatedRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesPhenomenology of the Narrative, 16 II Problems of Film Semiotics Chapter 3. Chapter 4. Chapter 5. The Cinema: Language or Language System? 31 Some Points in the Semiotics of the Cinema, 92 Problems of Denotation in the Fiction Film, 108 III Syntagmatic Analysis of the Image Track Chapter 6. Outline of the Autonomous Segments in Jacques Rozier s film Adieu Philippine, 149 Chapter 7. Syntagmatic Study of Jacques Rozier s Film Adieu Philippine, 177 vii viii CONTENTS IV The Modern Cinema: Some TheoreticalRead MorePopulation Problem in Bangladesh14871 Words   |  60 PagesThe Bangladeshi English Essay Book An Analysis by Robin Upton, January 22nd 2006 Public Domain under (cc) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0 Jan 2006 - Robin Upton - http:// www.RobinUpton.com/research Contents Purpose........................................................................................................... 1 Introduction to Essay Books .......................................................................... 1 Impact of Essay Books ................Read MoreBackground Inditex, One of the Worlds Largest Fashion Distributors, Has Eight Major Sales Formats - Zara, Pull and Bear, Massimo Dutti, Bershka, Stradivarius, Oysho, Zara Home Y Kiddys Class- with 3.147 Stores in 70100262 Words   |  402 Pagesme set up the interviews with 1st tier suppliers to HM in Turkey. Thank you also to all my excellent fellow FLIPPers: Calle, Lotta, Chris, Mà ¥rten, Ã…ke, Lars, Thomas and Hà ¥kan at the IIIEE, Emma, Johan, AnneMarie and Kicki at Environmental Systems Analysis at Chalmers University, and all the other researchers that have contributed to the FLIPP programme though different projects. I always enjoyed our meetings and it has been a great privilege to learn from your research and your experiences. A veryRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesof systematic study. Identify the major behavioral science disciplines that contribute to OB. Demonstrate why few absolutes apply to OB. Identify the challenges and opportunities managers have in applying OB concepts. Compare the three levels of analysis in this book’s OB model. 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Report on Taj mahal Palace hotel, Mumbai free essay sample

Group purpose Attain leadership through business excellence in the sectors they Operate in, while upholding their values and integrity, to Improve the quality of life of the communities they serve. Group values Integrity Fair, honest, transparent in all dealings Understanding Care, respect, compassion for customers and colleagues Excellence Highest possible standards in quality of goods and services Unity Build strong relationships with partners and customers worldwide Responsibility What comes from the people goes back to the people many times over. The Leading hotels of India is dedicated to the highest standards of hospitality, services and continuous innovation for over a 100 years; today Taj Hotels, Resorts and Palaces, spans across 5 continents totaling 83 hotels in 11 countries with 10,000 rooms. Who are IHCL ? a. Founded by Mr. Jamsetji N. Tata, we opened first hotel The Taj Mahal Palace % Tower, Mumbai in 19,03 and completed centenary year in 2003 b. The Indian Hotels Company Limited and its subsidiaries are collectively known as Taj hotels Resorts and Palaces. We will write a custom essay sample on Report on Taj mahal Palace hotel, Mumbai or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page c. Operates in the luxury, upper upscale, upscale and budget segments of the market. d. Recognized as one of Asias finest and largest hotel company, we are defines by style, warmth, heritage and the hospitality expertise. e. Over 22,000 employees across 83 hotels, in 11 countries and 5 continents dissolving national, cultural and language barriers to come together and offer the world a legendary experience called the Taj THE TAJ MAHAL PALACE MUMBAI The Taj Mahal Place, Mumbai, a gracious landmark of the Mumbai offers panoramic views of the Arabian Sea and the Gateway of India. Location: Located near Gateway of India, Apollo Bunder Air Space over The Taj Mahal Palace, Mumbai only accessible by defense authorities. Local police station (Colaba) and Fire Station (Colaba) are within reach of 2-3 minutes driving time. Being located in a VIP zone, frequent patrolling done by Mumbai police Intelligence agencies. One Of The Original Grand Hotels Of The World Built in 103, the hotel is an architectural marvel, bringing together Moorish, Oriental and Florentine styles along with how casing contemporary Indian influences. It All Began With Jamsetji Tatas passion for the city he most loved Bombay (as it was formerly known) And, So came to life the Taj Mahal Palace in 1903 at the cost of a quarter million pounds. The Taj preceded the Gateway of India by over twenty years! The Palace Experiences Reinventing Services The Arrival Experience Warm Arrival Arrangements Jaguar / Bentley transfers The Personal Butler Attentive Discreet Impeccable The Palace Lounge Exclusive All day lounge Royal and plush lavish inclusive The Pool Experience Relax Rejuvenate Restore The Art Walk Experience Rich repertoire of contemporary Indian art Rare Antiques Fascinating journey The Departure Experience In Room Checkout Fond Farewell Quintessential Suite Experience The Taj Mahal Palace houses 42 generously appointed suites, each adorned with original paintings and period furniture to transport guests into a world of regal luxury and grandeur. The Tata Suite For the ultimate discerning traveler, this rich and authentic suite has been created, embodying the very essence of the India and offering unparallel luxury. Developed in honor of the founder, every area of the suite is being meticulously designs to reflect the glory of the heritage of the Tatas and captures the essence of fine living displayed by the founding fathers of the hotel. Elegant Grand Luxury Suites Transcending time, these picturesque suites are designed around a central theme, embodying the very essence of the Taj. A world for aesthetes where the artwork and antiques recreates old world charm with a blend of modern amenities and gracious personalized service. Prestigious Luxury Suites Combining contemporary and classic styles, the richly hued interiors of these suites exemplify luxurious living. Well Appointed Executive Suites Offers a spacious bedroom, living room, dining area and a large bathroom. Bright, airy and lavishly styled, these newly restored Executives Suites are aimed at pampering and creating a truly unforgettable experience for the guest at every touch point from the arrival until departure. Luxurious Guest Rooms The Taj Club Rooms Rich and stylish rooms with strong architectural backgrounds and sumptuous furnishings and materials-polished rosewood floors, sparkling white balustrade wainscoting echoing the fanciful forms of exterior balconies, the ceilings soaring upward, enriched with beams and arches that are reminiscent of the hotels atriums, the massively footed mahogany bed with a soaring headboard reminiscent of arches and elephant tusks. When one enters The Taj Club Rooms, they will be the culmination of the Taj experience The Taj Mahal Palace Rooms The corridors stand testimony to a century old heritage, with genuine artifacts and antiques gracing the aisles. Guests have a choice of rooms that overlook the city or pool or face the Gateway of India and the Arabian Sea The Taj Mahal Tower Rooms With its arched balconies topped by a jagged diadem, The Taj Mahal Tower stands in harmonious contrast to The Taj Mahal Palace. The rooms offer a refreshing mix of European style and Indian elegance. Signature Dining Experiences Dining Options Sea Lounge : Mumbais Legendary rendezvous overlooking the scenic Mumbai Harbor and the gateway of India Souk : An award-winning restaurant offering dishes from Iran, turkey, Lebanon, Egypt, Greece and Morocco Shamiana : All day dining restaurant, offering a wide variety of choices from Indian and international cuisines The Zodiac grill : Recipient of the prestigious Wine Spectator Award of Excellence, creates an unforgettable ambience that perfectly complements its creative French cuisines and unrivalled service. Wasabi by Morimoto : This award winning restaurant offers a variety of Japanese delicacies with an array of delicious sakes and mouthwatering sushis. Starboard : Portside bar with a maritime theme welcomes you aboard for an evening. Masala Kraft : Blending aromatic Indian spices with modern cooking techniques, produces flavors that are a fresh and delicious, selection of traditional Indian favorites. -Harbour Bar : A stylish and sophisticated retreat for a drink or an informal meal, first opened its doors to the discerning Mumbai gentleman in 1933. Golden Dragon : Started in 1973, Indias first authentic Sichuan restaurant recently reopened with a contemporary new look. Aquarius : Indulge yourself at our relaxing outdoor lounge located by the pool, open to resident guests only. Events Occasions Today, The Taj Mahal Palace, Mumbai offers 11 grand banquet rooms, tastefully refurbished to include the latest in business and state-of-art facilities, yet retaining the elegance and old-world charm. The catering services are overseen by Grand Executive Chef Hemant Oberoi, while a retinue of banquet planners and hospitality personnel ensure every event is managed with clockwork precision. The Crystal Room Crystal chandeliers, mirrored ceiling and baroque woodwork set the tone for an evening of glitter and sparkle the ideal venue for any affaire extraordinaire be it a corporate meet, high-profile product launch or lavish cocktail reception. The Ballroom Long been the venue of some of Bombays most historic meets and social events- has transformed into an efficient meeting room where technology is placed at your disposal, just a button away. But it just as easily transforms into a social setting with grateful arches, scalloped pillars and crystal chandeliers giving it an air of regal elegance. Wellness and Leisure The Jiva Spa Offer a spectrum of authentic and traditional Indian wellness treatments and experiences in a stylish and soothing ambience. Drawing from ancient Indian healing wisdom and Ayurveda. Jiva Spa believes that a spa unfold a way of life wherein the life force is the bedrock of wellness. Taj Air Taking its legendary hospitality to an all-new level, Taj introduced Taj Air an exclusively charter service that offers travelers higher levels of safety, efficiency and reliability in the comfort of their very own aircraft Taj Luxury Yacht Take to the sea with all modern Comforts you need including three-air-conditioned bedrooms, a salon complete with a Bar and entertainment system. Taj Luxury Shopping Boulevard Louis Vuitton, Zegna, Moschino, Mont Blanc, Ravissant, Dia, and Joy Shoes among others, featuring exclusive, leather goods, men and womans clothing, accessories, scarves, exquisitely crafted watches, elegant designer jewellery and writing instruments. Safety And Security Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces remains deeply committed towards the safety and security of all our patrons and staff. Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces is reinforcing security measures in place, with particular emphasis on our hotels in all key locations. The state of preparedness of their hotels is based on a process of continual liaison with the police and security agencies, by our hotel security staff. We work with our security consultants from Israel and have a process if continual improvement as new technology and training becomes available. Some of the Security Measures are : Pneumatic Bollards Turnstile Reinforces Planters Training Report Training Schedule : 15th Nov 20th Nov Training Induction 20th Nov 02nd Dec Staff Cafeteria 03rd Dec 16th Dec Shamiana Service 17th Dec 23rd Dec Sea-Lounge Kitchen 24th Dec 30th Dec IRD Kitchen 31st Dec 06th Jan Butchery 07th Jan 13th Jan Shamiana Service 14th Jan 20th Jan Main Kitchen 21st Jan 27th Jan Front Office 28th Jan 03rd Feb Shamiana Service 04th Feb 10th Feb Housekeeping Tower 11th Feb 03rd Mar Housekeeping Palace 04th Mar 10th Mar Front Office 11th Mar 17th Mar Laundry 18th Mar 07th Apr Banquets 8th Apr 21st Apr Laundry Front Office Duration in the Department 2 weeks Weeks from 21st Jan,13 27th Jan,13 Worked Under Mrs. Pradnya Ingale (Asst. Guest Relations Manager) Mrs. Delphina (Asst to Executive Assistant Manager- Accommodations Mr. Mohit Gurnani) Mr. Viren Dsa ( Experience Manager ) Reporting Time 7:30 4:30 Work Performed : 1. Preparation of TIC (Taj Inner circle ) form and filling them up, using details of the guest present in Fidelio. Taj Inner circle was for guests who have stayed in the hotel for more than 10 times. This card could be upgraded to Taj Gold, Taj Silver and Taj Platinum. Updating guest folios on the system 2. Preparing VVIP Passes for the staff , This Card was made for security purposes. Also when there is some International High profile Guest comes to the hotel, presence of this pass was compulsory for the staff who ever comes in contact with the guest. 3. Filling of Guest Complaints, Guests who have travelled in the previous hotels and had found something unpleasant about the room or bad about the service often leaves a bad comment during checkout or through email and all these complaints are recorded in Taj Guest complaints Site which is accessible all over the world for the Taj front office. These complaints are used by the front office staff to inform all the other departments that such guests are in the hotel and so and so are the likes dislikes of the guest so please do the needful to make their stay pleasant in our hotel. E. g. A guest is allergic to peanuts and in the previous Taj hotel they had gone instead of informing the staff, the guest was served with peanuts so to avoid such incidents. 3. Preparing DYKM Circulars ( Do You Know Me) This circular is to inform everyone (all the staff) in the hotel that a high profile guest is in going to check-in the hotel and has certain likes dislikes. So do accordingly to make his stay pleasant in the hotel. Such guests have to be treated with proper care because they are a source of income to the hotel. if they get proper care and service once, it is obvious that the next time they visit the city it is for sure that theyll visit the hotel again. 4. Printing and Submitting of Guest VIP Guest Arrival Reports These reports are stored in the Fidelio under reports section. These Reports have to submitted to the General Managers office for making Welcome Cards for the guests. These cards are printed and personally signed by the G. M for all the guests. 5. Sorting of 9 lakh reports This reports are known as 9 lakhs report, also known as the Reg Card ( Registration Cards). These cards have all the necessary required details of the Guest such as the Xerox copy of the pan card, passport, driving license also of Visas if the guest is an international guest. 6. Slipping of Welcome Cards into guest rooms After the Welcome card is printed and signed by the G. M , it comes into the Front office for slipping them into the room. These Cards are they distributed into Suites, Palace Tower according to the Guest name, and the details are looked into Fidelio. SPECIAL OBSERVATIONS 10TH VISIT (RANGING FROM 5TH -15TH VISIT) 1 WELCOME LETTER FROM THE OPERATION MANAGER. 2 BOTTLE OF SPARKLING WINE. 3 UPG TO TAJ CLUB / EXECUTIVE SUITE (MIN 1 LEVEL) 25TH VISIT (RANGING FROM 24TH – 35TH VISIT) 1 WELCOME LETTER FROM THE OPERATION MANAGER. 2 BOTTLE OF SCOTCH. 3 UPG TO EXECUTIVE SUITE / LUXURY SUITE ( MIN 2 LEVEL) 50TH VISIT (RANGING FROM 49TH -70TH VISIT) 1 WELCOME LETTER FROM THE DEPUTY GENERAL MANAGER / OPERATIONS MANAGER. 2 BOTTLE OF PREMIUM SCOTCH. 3 UPG TO GRAND LUXURY SUITE WITH A JAGUAR AT DISPOSAL DURING THE ENTIRE STAY. 100TH VISIT (RANGING FROM 99TH -110TH VISIT) 1 WELCOME LETTER FORM THE GENERAL MANAGER / DEPUTY GENERAL MANAGER. 2 BOTTLE OF MOET DE CHANDON / DOM PERIGNON / BLUE LABEL. 3 UPG TO PRESIDENTIAL SUITE WITH BENTLEY AT DISPOSAL DURING THE ENTIRE STAY. House Keeping Tower Duration in the Department 1 weeks Weeks from 4th Feb,13 10th Feb,13 Worked Under Ms. Sheetal ( House Keeping Supervisor Tower Wing Mr. Vaibhav Patil ( Asst . House Keeping Supervisor Tower Wing Mr. Prahlad ( Housekeeper) Reporting Time 7:30 4:00 Work Performed In Housekeeping department, all the HK staff had to report to work at 7:30 for a prayer. Then they are allotted a particular floor and rooms to be cleaned. I was placed under Mr. Prahlad, I had to help him in cleaning the rooms. Task performed by me where removing all the linen from the bed such as bed sheets, duvet cover, pillow cover, good night mats etc. And after removing, putting of fresh linens. Other works were Dusting of room, Placing Shaving kit, Toothbrush-toothpaste kit, Shampoo, Conditioner, Body lotions. Cleaning of mirror properly so that not a single stain remains on them. Vacuuming of balcony and room, It should be properly done so that not a single piece of paper, hair or any foreign material remains on them, The room should be made as good as new. The staff cleans a room in less than 20 minutes, and makes sure that all the work allotted to him are completed within the allotted time. Magical Moments in Housekeeping The Housekeeping staff creates unique experiences for the guests for their important occasions and makes it more special for the guest, Bee it a honeymoon, anniversary or any special occasion, they create an unforgettable experience for the guest. The standards that need to be followed are as mentioned: STANDARD: Guest birthdays and anniversaries should be acknowledged by extending greetings and appropriate amenities to enhance brand loyalty and develop a relationship between Hotel and the guests. Public Area Duration in the Department 3 weeks Weeks from 11th Feb,13 3rd Mar,13 Worked Under Mrs. Renu Madhok (Executive Housekeeping Manager) Reporting Time 7:30 4:00 Work Performed In Public area, we had to work from 8:00 am till 12:00 am then 2 hours break then we had to report to Housekeeping office for the briefing . Restaurants and Banquets were allotted to clean. In restaurants, the tables, Wine Racks, Side Skirts, Mirrors, Under the tables, Mirror frames, Show piece racks were to be cleaned. and in banquets the brackets are to be cleaned, the side skirts, the chandeliers are cleaned very carefully their glasses are removed, cleaned properly and then are put back again. The Banquets are vacuumed properly so that not a single foreign material remains on the floors such as paper, withered flower petals, pins etc. Before every banquet function, the banquet hall thoroughly checked to see that the hall is properly cleaned Conference floors were also allotted to clean , in these floors we had to clean the side skirts, the frames, paintings which were to be cleaned very carefully, the tables, the chairs, the cupboards, the Television set, the Computer, the Air conditioner skirts etc. Areas cleaned under public area were Rendezvous, Ballroom, Crystal room, Golden room 1 2, Emerald Jade, Sapphire, Gateway Princess room under banquets and Souk, Zodiac grill, Starboard, Golden Dragon, Wasabi by morimoto, Harbour Bar under restaurants. Laundry Duration in the Department 3 weeks Weeks from 11th Mar,13 17th Mar,13 8th Apr,13 21st Apr,13 Worked Under Mr. Dheeraj ( Laundry Supervisor) Reporting Time 7:30 4:00 Work Performed Segregating of Pillow covers into palace and tower. Segregating of napkins and Placing of napkin for ironing in the D-Hooge Roller. untangling of Duvet covers. and placing them in the big iron roller. Segregating of Goodnight mats and placing them for ironing. Segregating of ironed napkins and placing differently as per banquets and restaurants. Segregating of Bath Towels, hand towels, face towels, Shower mats. Placing Scarfs for ironing. Food And Beverage Restaurant Shamiana Duration in the Department 4 weeks Weeks from 3rd Dec,12 16th Dec,12 7th Jan,13 13th jan,13 28th Jan,13 3rd Feb,13 Worked Under Mr. Hemang Parmar ( Restaurant Manager) Mr. Raj Shetty ( Asst. Rest Manager) Mr. Melwin ( Asst. Rest manager) Reporting Time 7:00 am 5:30-6:00pm Charges a. Breakfast- Rs. 1500 b. Lunch – Rs. 2900 c. Weekend Brunch – Rs. 3500 Work Performed Reporting to work at 7:00am to attend the briefing. I was allotted the Toast station for the breakfast as well a to look after the Buffet and egg station simultaneously. I had to toast White and Brown ( whole wheat) breads. and also to deliver it to guest tables. The breakfast timing was from 6:00am to 10:00am. I was also giving the work of handling Juice counter and also to take various types of juice on the salver and ask the guest if they would like some. After the breakfast we had to clear the toast counter, as well as the buffet and clear the whole buffet table. Then we had to do the setup for the lunch buffet. For lunch we had to go and do the pick up from gardemanger for the cold food and Pastry for the desserts. The starting of the buffet were all the cold food, salads and to make it look appealing there were 3 food carvings were placed and in the weekend instead of food carvings a big ice carving was placed, which was made my Chef from gardemanger. Then there were Main course kept and then the desserts at another table. The Lunch timing was from 1:00pm to 2:30pm. After which the whole buffet was cleared, the remaining food was all either eaten by the staff or disposed off. The carving were sent back to gardemanger. On Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday we were sent to Aquarius after 5:00 to do the Barbeque setup, for the barbeque setup, we had to bring Ice, and barbeque plates and do a complete stall setup for it. and The Aquarius is only for the resident guests and the Barbeque Stall only opens during Winter season. Banquets Duration in the Department 3 weeks Weeks from 18rd Mar,13 9th Apr,13 Worked Under Mr. Javed Deshmukh Mr. Urvan Talati Mr. Mohit Vichare Reporting Time 7:00 am Work Performed Filling up of the trolley with all the items required for the Tea and coffee service. Putting up of the frill on the table for Tea and coffee setup. Doing Tea -Coffee setup, placing of all the items on the table and all the extra ones under the table. making of tea coffee according to the guest demands. Setting up of the Buffet Counter, Doing clearance, Setting up of covers on the table Setting up of table for Sit down Service and doing sit down service for the guests. Handled a Tea Coffee Service of 150-200 guests in Golden Room all alone because the banquets was too busy and every staff was busy in some other banquets. For different function, different types of setups and decorations were used. Events happened in the following days were IIT Bombay- Washington University, Rotary of Mumbai, ASNO ( Asiatic Society of Neuro-Oncology ), Engagement and Wedding. Food Production Staff Cafeteria Duration in the Department 2 weeks Weeks from 20th Nov,12 2nd Dec,12 Worked Under Mr. Sakharam Patil (Head Chef) Mr. Sameer (Asst. Head Chef) Reporting Time 7:00 am 3:00pm Work Performed Reporting to work was at 7 , Started with chopping of Onions. Chopped 4 crates of ladyfingers alone, took 3 hours for the work, Chopped Cucumbers. Chopped carrots, Tomatoes, Bottle gourd. Peeled carrots, Bottle gourd, cucumbers. Helped in preparation of Paneer tikka, Chicken Cutlets, Kulfi, Veg Korma, Mix Vegetables, Chicken Kheema. Made Papad. Marinated Chicken with tandoori masala for Midnight snacks. Sea Lounge Kitchen Duration in the Department 1 weeks Weeks from 20th Nov,12 2nd Dec,12 Worked Under Mr. Harpreet Singh ( Asst. Head Chef ) Mr. Agashya ( Head Chef) Reporting Time 7:00 am 3:00pm Work Performed Chopping of fruits, Making of Akuri ( A dish which is similar to Indian Egg-Bhurji but in akuri Onions and Ginger and garlic paste is also used). Prepared Tar tare Sauce. Chef Harpreet was very good as well as persuasive, he wanted me to grasp each and every thing that I can from his restaurant, but the same was not seen in the Head Chef, he was avoiding me on giving any work instead was just telling me to get things from other departments such as fruits, bacon etc. But because of Chef Harpreet I was able to learn many things such as Presentation, which he says is the Important part of plating of food which is indeed true, learnt how to make chat items of all kinds, Made roastee, frying of fish. Made French toast. Prepared Hollandaise sauce. Also the area your working at should always be kept neat and tidy. I. R. D Kitchen ( In-Room Dining) Duration in the Department 1 weeks Weeks from 24th Dec,12 30th Dec,12 Worked Under Chef Daruwalla ( Head Chef ) Chef Apurva ( Head Chef ) Reporting Time 12:00 pm 8:00pm Work Performed Every day after coming to work i had to go and check the Walk-In, just in case if the walk in is dirty I had to clean it and place everything properly, and see if the tagging of all the food items are properly done or not. Cleaning An Roasting of Bacon Everyday around 14 packets of bacon are cleaned and roasted for IRD as well as Shamiana restaurant and Sea Lounge at the IRD Kitchen. These bacon are cleaned and all the fat are removed and they are placed on a butter paper properly aligned in a Steel tray and kept in the oven. after around 15 minutes they are removed and the juice is separated from the bacon and the bacon is ready. Making of Sausages Pork and chicken sausages were made and while making these sausages, little amount of oil is used on them or else it will either burn them or change the taste of the sausage. Prepared akuri, porridge, Bechamel sauce and Pan Cake Batter. Butchery Duration in the Department 1 weeks Weeks from 31st Dec 12 6th Jan 13 Worked Under Mr. Vishwanath (Head Chef) Mr. Pranay ( Asst. Head Chef) Reporting Time 8:30 am 4:00pm Work Performed De-skinning of Chicken, Cutting of Chicken, Removing wings, Separating Chicken breasts and from chicken breasts, removing chicken supreme. Making chicken tikka pieces. Preparing chicken kheema. Tagging and Packing of Different meat products. Making Lamb racks. Preparing beef fillets, beef heads. De-veining of prawns and removing of its outer shell. Learnt to De-skin and clean chicken in less than 5-minutes. Main Kitchen Duration in the Department 1 weeks Weeks from 14th Jan, 13 20th Jan, 13 Worked Under Chef Sagar Chef Ramu Chef Farhan Reporting Time 9:00 am 6:00pm Work Performed Worked under Non-Veg and Entremets Section. Preparing Cheese chilly tartlets. Making bechamel Sauce. Chopping of Olives and Slicing of Onions. Preparing lasagna Frying of Fish, Preparing Chicken Cutlets, Preparing Chicken Tikka, Frying of Chicken. Stacking of all the food properly in the Walk-in. Preparing Cheese wontons, Pepper Jalapenos, Lamb Cutlets, Chicken tikka, Veg Hariyali Kebab, Fish pepper. Q. How different was your on Job training different from the theoretical inputs given in the college ? And what is your learning outcome of this ? A. From my entire industrial training exposure, I have gained more knowledge about the hotel industry and its functions. Learning things in theory and applying them in real life is totally different, when it comes to applying them in situations makes them 10 times harder. And when you are facing problems it makes you learn quicker and makes you remember things better. Also, The hotel Industry Changes very quickly, just like the Technology Industry, Hotel industry also keeps on changing . Therefore, Colleges should be well connected to whats the new thing thats happening in the Hotel and what all new technologies are being used and what all old things are removed and instead new thing that are implemented in the hotel. So that Students should well prepared while going to the industry and on implementing them. So my learning outcome from this Industrial training is that I can handle any situation easily with the theoretical as well practical knowledge that I have acquired. Also learning about new things has increased my thinking capability, on how a hotel works and how you have to generate revenue through your speaking ability to keep your source of income alive. Q . Which is Your Chosen Department and How do you propose to be the best in department ? A. My chosen department is Front Office. Only because from Day-1, I had a special interest in this part of the hotel industry. And after acquiring a particular set of practical knowledge, now I have to just work on improving it better so that when the time comes on applying it into use I can do way more better than what i did in my Industrial Training. Also the Hotel keeps on changing so i have to very well in touch with whats going around the hotel industry so as to be aware of what all new methods and technologies are used. SUGGESTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT Just like the airlines have an Online boarding pass through an E-Ticket, in a similar way, the hotel could have a check-in form online, at the time of their reservation after the payment has been settled, so that they are not kept waiting for manually filling the form and wasting time. This can be done with the existing TIC guests as the hotel already has all their information. As a similar process is already been carried out for repeat clientele, this should be done for first timers as well, to save time. My second suggestion is that, industrial trainees should be given some more exposure along with some responsibility under a seniors guidance to get better learning experience. My overall experience has been great at the Taj Mahal Palace, Mumbai. The managers and the working staff have played a major role in my development and working as an industrial trainee at the Taj Mahal Palace, Mumbai. Thank You.